የአካል ጉዳት ላለባቸው ተማሪዎች የሚሰጡ ድጋፎች

የአካል ጉዳት ላለባቸው ተማሪዎች የሚሰጡ ድጋፎች stephanieP

የአካል ጉዳት ላለባቸው ተማሪዎች የሚሰጡ ድጋፎች

በሁሉም ማህበረሰብ ውስጥ አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች ትምህርታቸውን ይከታተላሉ።   በህይወት ዘመናችን ውስጥ 20% የምንሆነው፣ ወይም ከእያንዳንዱ 5 ሰው 1ዱ፣ የተወሰነ የአካል ጉዳት ሊገጥመው ይችላል።

ሁሉም አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች እኩል የትምህርት እድል፣ እና ከአድሎ ነጻ የመሆን መብት አላችው።በተማሪዎቹ የአካል ጉዳት ተፈጥሮ እና በትምህርታቸው በሚያደርሰው ተጽዕኖ ላይ በመመስረት፣ ተማሪዎች እኩል ተደራሽነት እንዲያኙ እና በትምህርት እንዲሳተፉ ትምህርት ቤቱ እንደ አስፈላጊነቱ እርዳታዎች፣ ማሻሻያዎች፣ በልዩ ሁኔታ የተዘጋጀ መመሪያ፣ ወይም ሌሎች ድጋፎችን መስጠት ሊያስፈልገው ይችላል።

ተማሪው የአካል ጉዳተኛ እንደሆነ እና የተስተካከለ ወይም ልዩ መመሪያ እንደሚያስፈልገው ካሰቡ፣ የትምህርት ቤቱን ዲስትሪክት ግምገማ እንዲያደርግ መጠየቅ ይችላሉ።

ስለ IEPዎች፣ የአንቀፅ 504 እቅዶች፣ የአካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች ግምገማዎች እና ጥበቃዎች እዚህ የበለጠ ይወቁ፦

Find additional resources here:

Supports at School

Disability Identity

Accessibility

Introduction to Special Education

Introduction to Special Education stephanieP

Introduction

Updated June 2024

Is your student having a difficult time in school? If your student has a disability, or you suspect they have special learning needs, there is help available. All children and youth between the ages of 3 and 22 who have an impairment interfering with their ability to learn can be eligible for and services to help them achieve a meaningful education.

3 Quick Tips

  • A problem that interferes with a student's ability to learn may be considered a disability under the law.
  • Every student with a disability affecting their learning has a right to instruction that is specially designed to meet their needs, in a school environment as close to a general education classroom as possible.
  • Students cannot be punished for behavior as a result of their disabilities.

When it comes to discipline, students with disabilities who are eligible for special education services are also entitled to unique protections that are more extensive than the protections applied to general education students. While students with disabilities do have all of the same rights as other students (see the Office of the Education Ombuds' webpage on Discipline, Suspensions, and Expulsions for more information) they also have additional, extensive rights protecting them in discipline situations. The law recognizes many students have disabilities that cause or at least are related to problem behavior. The law seeks to ensure that students with disabilities are not excluded from school, and their disabilities and any resulting behavior are handled in appropriate manners. To provide these protections, there are very specific limitations on how a student with a disability can be disciplined.

Why do schools have to provide services for students with disabilities?

There are federal and state laws protecting the educational rights of students with disabilities.

There are two primary laws that protect students with disabilities. The two laws are commonly referred to as “Section 504” and the “IDEA.” In 1973, the U.S. Congress passed Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, which made it illegal to discriminate against people with disabilities in programs receiving federal funds, such as public schools. Two years later, Congress passed the Education for all Handicapped Children Act. The federal law is reenacted every three years. It was most recently changed in 2004 and is now called IDEA or IDEIA (the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act). On this webpage, we refer to the law as IDEA.

In addition, in 1991, Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act, commonly referred to as the ADA. Title II of the ADA defines disability in the same manner as Section 504. When the ADA and Section 504 both apply, Section 504 is usually used because it has regulations that are more specific for schools.

Section 504 and IDEA were enacted to ensure that students with disabilities would be provided with meaningful educational experiences.

ልዩ ትምህርት ምን ማለት ነው?

ልዩ ትምህርት ምን ማለት ነው? stephanieP

ልዩ ትምህርት ምን ማለት ነው?

አካል ጉዳተኛነት ምንድነው?

 "አካል ጉዳተኝነት የሰው ልጅ ከሚያጋጥመው ነገሮች አንዱ አካል ነው እና በምንም መልኩ የግለሰቦችን በህብረተሰብ ውስጥ የመሳተፍ ወይም አስተዋፅኦ የማበርከት መብታቸውን አይቀንስም።"

--Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (የአካል ጉዳተኞች ትምህርት አዋጅ)፣ 20 U.S.C. §1400(c)

ሰዎች እና የእኛ ህጎች፣ “አካል ጉዳተኝነትን” የሚገልጹባቸው ብዙ የተለያዩ መንገዶች አሉ።

እንዲሁም በአካል ጉዳት ላይ ብዙ የተለያዩ ባህላዊ አመለካከቶች አሉ፣ እና ስለ አካል ጉዳተኝነት ያለን ግንዛቤ በጊዜ ሂደት ተቀይሯል። One Out of Five: Disability History and Pride Project (ከአምስቱ አንዱ፦ የአካል ጉዳት ታሪክ እና ክብር ፕሮጀክት) የሚለውን ስለ አካል ጉዳት ታሪክ እና ስለ አካል ጉዳት አዎንታዊ ማንነት ማሳደግ የበለጠ ለማወቅ የሚረዱ ማስረጃዎች ይመልከቱ።

በህዝብ ትምህርት ቤቶች ላሉ ተማሪዎች፣ በሁለቱ የፈደራል ህጎች፦ Individuals with Disabilities Education Act፣ ወይም “IDEA” እና Rehabilitation Act (የማገገሚያ አዋጅ) አንቀፅ 504፣ ወይም “አንቀፅ 504” – ለአካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች መብት እና ጥበቃ ይሰጣሉ። እያንዳንዱ እነዚያ ህጎች ለአካል ጉዳተኛ ህጻናት የተለየ ትርጉም ያካትታሉ።

የ IDEA የአካል ጉዳተኛነት ትርጓሜ

IDEA ብቁ ለሆኑ ተማሪዎች የ IEP (Individualized Education Program፣ የግለሰብ ትምህርት ፕሮግራም) መብት ይሰጣል። “አካል ጉዳተኛ ልጅ” ብሎ የሚገልጸው እንደ ልጅ የተገመገመ እና፦

  • ከ14ቱ ልዩ ምድቦች ውስጥ በአንዱ ላይ እንደተገለጸው አካል ጉዳት ያለው ሆኖ የተገኘ፣ እና
  • በአካል ጉዳት እና በትምህርቱ ላይ ባለው አሉታዊ ተጽዕኖ ምክንያት፣
  • ልዩ ትምህርት እና ተዛማጅ አገልግሎቶች ያስፈልገዋል።

በዋሽንግተን ግዛት፣ የአካል ጉዳተኞች ምድቦች እና የእያንዳንዱ ልዩ ፍቺ፣ በመንግስታችን መመሪያ፣ በ Washington Administrative Code (የዋሽንግተን የአስተዳደር ኮድ)፣ WAC 392-172A-01035 ላይ ተዘርዝሯል

የሚያጠቃልሉት፦

  • ኦቲዝም
  • ማየት እና መስማት የተሳነው
  • መስማት የተሳነው
  • የእድገት መዘግየት
  • የስሜት/የባህሪ እክል
  • የመስማት ችግር
  • የአእምሮ እክል
  • በርካታ እክሎች
  • የአጥንት ጉዳት
  • ሌሎች የጤና ጉዳቶች
  • የተለየ የመማር ችግር
  • የንግግር ወይም የቋንቋ እክል
  • አሰቃቂ የአንጎል ጉዳት
  • አይነ-ስውርነትን ጨምሮ የእይታ እክሎች

እነዚህ እያንዳንዳቸው ምድቦች በትምህርት ህገ-ደንቦች ውስጥ የራሳቸው የሆነ ልዩ ትርጉም አላቸው። አንድ ልጅ ከእነዚህ ምድቦች ውስጥ በአንዱ ውስጥ የሚገባ የአካል ጉዳት እንዳለው የሚጠራጠሩ ከሆነ ልዩ ትርጓሜዎችን ማንበብ ወይም አንድ ሰው ከእርስዎ ጋር እንዲገመግም መጠየቅ ጥሩ ሀሳብ ነው። ትርጓሜዎቹን በ WAC 392-172A-01035, ላይ፣ በhttps://apps.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=392-172A&full=true#392-172A-01035 ማግኘት ይችላሉ።

አንድ ልጅ በ IDEA ውስጥ ከተገለጹት አካል ጉዳቶች አንዱ ካለበት ነገር ግን "ተዛማጅ አገልግሎት" ወይም "እርዳታዎች" ብቻ የሚያስፈልገው ከሆነ እና "ልዩ ትምህርት" ካላስፈለገው ተማሪው ለ IEP ብቁ አይሆንም ነገር ግን የአንቀፅ 504 እቅድ ሊያስፈልገው ይችላል።

የአንቀጽ 504 አካል ጉዳት ትርጓሜ

አንቀጽ 504 የትምህርት ዲስትሪክቶች በአካል ጉዳተኞች ላይ አድልዎ እንዳይፈጽሙ ይከለክላል። ተማሪው እኩል ትምህርት ለማግኘት የሚያስፈልገውን ልዩ ትምህርት፣ እርዳታ፣ አገልግሎቶችን ወይም ድጋፎችን እንዲሰጡ ዲስትሪክቶችን ያዛል። የአካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪን የሚከተሉት እንዳለበት ተማሪ ይገልጻል፦

  • የአካል ወይም የአእምሮ እክል
  • በተጨባጭ የሚገድቡ
  • አንድን ወይም ዋና ዋና የህይወት እንቅስቃሴዎች

ስለ አንቀፅ 504 ተጨማሪ መረጃ ከ U.S. Department of Education (የአሜሪካ የትምህርት ክፍል) Office for Civil Rights (OCR፣ የሲቪል መብቶች ቢሮ) ድህረ ገጽ በተለጠፉት FAQs ላይ፣ እዚህ፦ https://www.ed.gov/laws-and-policy/civil-rights-laws/disability-discrimination/frequently-asked-questions-disability-discrimination ፣ ማግኘት ይችላሉ።

እንዲሁም OCR “በ 1973 Rehabilitation Act (የማገገሚያ አዋጅ) አንቀፅ 504 ስር ድብቅ የአካል ጉዳት ላለባቸው ተማሪዎች የሲቪል መብቶችን” https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/hq5269.html  የሚመለከት በ ቀጥታ መስመር ላይ የሚገኝ መረጃ አለው።  ለሌሎች በቀላሉ የማይታዩ ነገር ግን የተማሪው ትምህርት ላይ ተፅዕኖ ሊያመጡ የሚችሉ የተለያዩ ሁኔታዎችን ይዘረዝራል።

በ IDEA እና አንቀፅ 504 መካከል ያለው ግንኙነት ምንድን ነው?

Diagram of three concentric circles.  The largest circle represents all students.  Within it is a smaller circle representing 504 eligible students.  Within that is the smallest circle representing IDEA eligible students.

በሁለቱም ህጎች ስር፣ የትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክቶች ለአካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች FAPE ተብሎ የሚጠራ Free Appropriate Public Education (ነፃ ተገቢ የህዝብ ትምህርት) እንዲሰጡ ይጠበቅባቸዋል።  ይህም ማለት ዲስትሪክቶች በአካል ጉዳት ምክንያት በትምህርት ቤት ስኬታማ የመሆን ችግር ያለባቸውን ተማሪዎች የግል ፍላጎቶች ለማሟላት የተለያዩ አገልግሎቶችን የመስጠት ግዴታ አለባቸው።

አንቀጽ 504 ከ IDEA ይልቅ “ስለአካል ጉዳት” ሰፋ ያለ ፍቺ ያለው በመሆኑ ምክንያት ለብዙ የተማሪዎች ቡድን አገልግሎት ይሰጣል።  ስለዚህ፣ አንድ ተማሪ ለ IDEA የብቁነት መስፈርቶችን ካሟላ እና ለ IEP ብቁ ከሆነ፣ ተማሪው በአንቀፅ 504 እንዲሁ የተጠበቀ ነው። ነገር ግን፣ በአንቀፅ 504 የሚጠበቁ እና የአንቀፅ 504 እቅድ ያላቸው፣ ነገር ግን ልዩ ትምህርት የማያስፈልጋቸው እና በ IDEA ስር ለ IEP ብቁ ያልሆኑ ብዙ ተማሪዎች አሉ። 

ሁለቱ ህጎችያላቸውን ግንኙነት ለማሰብ አንዱ መንገድ ሁሉንም ተማሪዎች ማሰብ ነው፦ በመጀመሪያ፣ ከእነዚህ ተማሪዎች መካከል አንዳንዶቹ አካል ጉዳተኞች (አንቀፅ 504) ናቸው፤ በቁጥር አነስተኛ የሆኑት ደግሞ የአካል ጉዳተኞች እና ልዩ ትምህርት (IDEA) የሚያስፈልጋቸው ናቸው።

ከላይ ያለው በትልቅ ክብ ያለው ምስል ሁሉንም ተማሪዎች ይወክላል። በትልቁ ክብ ውስጥ ያለው መካከለኛ መጠን ያለው ክብ ደግሞ አካል ጉዳተኛ እና ለአንቀፅ 504 አገልግሎት ብቁ የሆኑትን ተማሪዎች ይወክላል።  በቡድኑ ውስጥ፣ አነስተኛው ቡድን እንዲሁ በ IDEA ለሚሰጠው አገልግሎት ብቁ ናቸው። በዚህ ግራፍ ልናስታውስ የሚገባን ቁልፍ ነገር በትንሹ ክብ ውስጥ ያሉት ሁሉም ተማሪዎች፦ የትልቁ ቡድን አካል ናቸው። በተጨማሪም በአካል ጉዳት ምክንያት ከሚደርስባቸው አድሎ በመጠበቅ፣ በትምህርት ቤት ለመሳተፍ የሚያስፈልጋቸውን አገልግሎቶች ማግኘትን ጨምሮ ሁሉም እንደ ሁሉም ተማሪዎች ተመሳሳይ መብቶች አሏቸው።

በአንቀፅ 504 የተጠበቁ እና ለ IEP ብቁ የሆኑ ተማሪዎች በአጠቃላይ IEP ብቻ ይኖራቸዋል። በ 504 እቅድ ያሉ ሁሉም ነገሮች በ IEP፣ የእርዳታ ገጾች ላይ በብዛት ወይም በተዛማጅ ዝርዝር ወይም ተጨማሪ አገልግሎት ወይም ድጋፎች ውስጥ ሊካተቱ ይገባል።

ለ IEP ብቁ የሆነ ማንኛውም ህጻን እንዲሁ በአንቀፅ 504 የተጠበቀ ነው። ይህ ለምን ይጠቅማል?

አንቀፅ 504 በ ተማሪዎች ላይ በአካል ጉዳት ምክንያት የሚደርስ አድሎን ይከላከላል። መድልዎ ሊከሰት የሚችለው በፕሮግራሙ ብቁ የሆኑ የአካል ጉዳት ያለባቸው ተማሪዎችን ሲያገለል ወይም ተማሪው በእሱ ወይም በእሷ አካል ጉዳተኝነት ምክንያት ጥቃት ሲደርስበት ወይም ሲደርስባት እና ዲስትሪክቱ ለደረሰው ጥቃት ምላሽ ለመስጠት ምክንያታዊ እርምጃዎችን ካልወሰደ ነው።

ዲስትሪክቱ ሰውን በአካል ጉዳቱ ምክንያት እንዳገለለ ካመኑ፣ ስለ መደበኛ ቅሬታዎች ተጨማሪ የመረጃ አማራጮች በእኛ የ Discrimination መድልዎ ገጽ ላይ ያግኙ።

 

The Role of Parents under IDEA and Strategies for Non-Parents

The Role of Parents under IDEA and Strategies for Non-Parents stephanieP

The Role of Parents under IDEA and Strategies for Non-Parents

Many rights under IDEA and Washington State special education law can be asserted only by the parents of students with disabilities. A wide variety of caregivers fit into the definition of parent under IDEA and the state special education law. Because this publication focuses on IDEA and state special education law rights, this webpage talks about the definition of parent and how advocates, like relatives, family friends, and community members, who do not meet the definition can gain legal authority to act in the place of or for a parent.

Who is a “parent” or “guardian” under IDEA?

IDEA defines “parent” to include the following people:

  • The birth or adoptive parent of a child
  • The foster parent of a child
  • A guardian generally authorized to act as the child’s parent or authorized to make educational decisions for the child, such as an individual given authority to make educational decisions by a judge (this does not include the caseworker if the child is a ward of the state).
  • A person acting in the place of a parent, such as a grandparent or relative with whom a student with a disability lives, or someone who is legally responsible for the student’s welfare
  • A surrogate parent appointed by the district (see information below about surrogate parents).

If there is more than one person in a child’s life who meets IDEA’s definition of parent, the child’s birth or adoptive parent has educational decision-making authority unless the birth or adoptive parent’s rights are limited by a court order or compromised in some way.

What can I do if I want to assert a student’s special education rights but I do not fit the definition of parent under IDEA?

There are many things you can do to help a student even if you aren’t the parent. You can use your advocacy skills to encourage the school district to create and maintain good special education services for a student. However, there may be times in your advocacy when a conflict might arise that can’t be resolved directly with the school district. Since many IDEA rights can be asserted only by a parent or guardian as defined by the IDEA laws, you might find yourself at an impasse because you do not have legal authority to make educational decisions on behalf of the student.

Below are some ways that you can obtain the authority to enforce a student’s special education rights when a parent or guardian is not available.

  1. Obtain a Power of Attorney from the student’s parents.

A Power of Attorney is a legal document allowing a person to give authority for someone else to act on their behalf. A student’s parent or legal guardian could use a Power of Attorney to give someone else (such as a caregiver, relative, or foster parent) the authority to act as though they are the parent. A Power of Attorney form can be downloaded through the internet. For more complicated Power of Attorney situations, it is best to consult a lawyer.

  1. Get appointed as a surrogate parent.

In certain situations, such as when the parents are not known, the district can’t locate the parents after reasonable efforts, or the student is a ward of the state or an unaccompanied homeless youth, school districts must appoint someone to make educational decisions for a student with a disability. This person is called a “surrogate parent.” Talk to the school district staff to find out the district’s process for appointing a surrogate parent.

  1. Request educational decision-making authority through the dependency, CHINS, or other family court process.

If a judge has authority to make decisions about a child’s care, they can order that someone other than the parent should have the power to make educational decisions. If there is a lawyer for the child, talk to him or her about asking the judge to appoint you to make educational decisions.

አንድ ተማሪ እንዴት ልዩ ትምህርትን መማር ይጀምራል?

አንድ ተማሪ እንዴት ልዩ ትምህርትን መማር ይጀምራል? stephanieP

አንድ ተማሪ እንዴት ልዩ ትምህርትን መማር ይጀምራል?

የልዩ ትምህርት አገልግሎት የሚፈልጉ ተማሪዎችን ዲስትሪክቱ እንዴት ማግኘት ይችላል?

በ Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA፣ የአካል ጉዳተኞች ትምህርት አዋጅ) እና በግዛቱ የልዩ ትምህርት ህግ መሰረት፣ ዲስትሪክቶች በዲስትሪክቱ ውስጥ የሚኖሩ የልዩ ትምህርት አገልግሎቶች የሚያስፈልጋቸውን ተማሪዎች በሙሉ የመለየት አወንታዊ ግዴታ አለባቸው። ይህ ተግባር “Child Find (ልጅ ማግኘት)” ተብሎ ይጠራል። ዲስትሪክቶች አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎችን በመፈለግ፣ በማግኘት፣ እና እንዲገመገሙ የሚያደርጉ ፖሊሲዎች እና አካሄዶች እንዲኖራቸው ያስፈልጋል።

ልጄ ለልዩ ትምህርት እንዴት ሊገመገም ይችላል?

ለልዩ ትምህርት ግምገማ ልጅዎ ወደ ትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት መምራት አለበት። የልዩ ትምህርት ምዘና ለማካሄድ፣ ዲስትሪክቱ ተማሪውን ለመገምገም መወሰን እና ከዚያም ምዘናውን ለማከናወን ከተማሪው ወላጅ ፈቃድ ማግኘት ወይም የተማሪው ወላጅ ምዘናውን እንዲያደርግ መስማማት አለበት። የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክቶች ከተጠረጠረው ወይም ከተጠረጠረችው ተማሪ የአካል ጉዳት ጋር በተገናኘ እያንዳንዱን ጉዳዮች መገምገም አለባቸው።  ግምገማው ተማሪው ወይም ቤተሰቡ ምንም ወጪ ሳያደረግ መፈጸም አለበት። ግምገማው እንዲከወን ለማድረግ ሶስት መሰረታዊ ደረጃዎች አሉ፦

ደረጃ 1 አንድ ሰው ተማሪው እንዲመዘን ጥያቄ ማቅረብ አለበት።

ደረጃ 2 ምዘናው አስፈላጊ መሆኑን ዲስትሪክቱ መወሰን አለበት።

ደረጃ 3 የምዘና ስምምነት ለዲስትሪክቱ መሰጠት ይኖርበታል።

ለልጄ የልዩ ትምህርት ግምገማ ጥያቄ ማቅረብ እችላለሁ?

በዋሽንግተን ህግ፣ የሚከተሉት ሰዎች ወይም አካላት ተማሪው እንዲገመገም ሊያመለክቱ ይችላሉ፦

  • ማንኛውም የወላጅነት ትርጓሜን የሚያሟላ ሰው
  • የትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት
  • ሌላ የህዝብ አጀንሲ
  • ስለ ህጻኑ የሚያውቁ ሌሎች ሠዎች

የግምገማ ሪፈራል እንዴት ማድረግ እችላለሁ?

1. በጽሁፍ ያቅርቡት። ሪፈራሉን የሚያቀርበው ሰው መጻፍ የማይችል ካልሆነ በስተቀር የግድ በጽሁፍ መቅረብ አለበት። ቀላል እና በእጅ የተጻፈ መሆን ይችላል። ቀኑን እና የቅጂ መዝገቦችን ማስቀመጥዎን እርግጠኛ ይሁኑ።

2. የሪፈራል ደብዳቤው የተሟላ ስለመሆኑ አይጨነቁ። መጨነቅ ያለብዎት በተቻለ ፍጥነት መጨረስ ስለመቻልዎ ነው። ሪፈራል እስካልተደረገ ድረስ ምንም ነገር አይከሰትም፣ እናም ዲስትሪክቱ ሪፈራሉን በተቀበለበት ቀን ዲስትሪክቱ እርምጃ መውሰድ ያለበትን የጊዜ ገደቦችን ያስጀምራል።

3. ትምህርት ቤቱ ሁለቱንም የ IDEA እና አንቀፅ 504 ብቁነት እንዲገመግም ይጠይቁ። ተማሪው በ IDEA ስር ለልዩ ትምህርት ብቁ ካልሆነ፣ እርሱ ወይም እርሷ በአንቀፅ 504 ስር አገልግሎቶችን ለማግኘት ብቁ ሊሆኑ ይችላሉ።

4. ልጅዎ አለበት ብለው የሚያስቡትን ችግሮች ለይተው ይግለጹ። ዲስትሪክቶች የተጠረጠረውን ተማሪ አካል ጉዳት በሁሉም አቅጣጫ መመዘን ስላለባቸው፣ ሁሉንም ችግሮች መግለጽዎን እርግጠኛ ይሁኑ። ለምሳሌ፣ ልጅዎ የማንበብ እክል እና ሊታረሙ የሚገባቸው ስሜታዊ ችግሮች እንዳለበት ካሰቡ፣ በሁለቱም እንዲመዘን ይጠይቁ።

5. ምሳሌዎችን ይጠቀሙ። ልጅዎ የአካል ጉዳት አለበት ብለው ለምን እንዳሰቡ ለመግለጽ የራስዎን ምልከታ ያካቱ። ልጅዎ እክል እንዳለበት የሚጠቁሙ ሰነዶች ካልዎት፣ ለምሳሌ ከዶክተሮች ወይም ከአእምሮ ጤና አቅራቢዎች የተፃፉ ደብዳቤዎችን ያቅርቡ።

6. ሪፈራሉን በትምህርት ቤቱ ወይም በዲስትሪክቱ ውስጥ ላለ ባለሥልጣን ነው ብለው ለሚገምቱት ሰው ይላኩ እና በፍጥነት እርምጃ ይወስዳል። ምንም እንኳን ህጉ ረፈራሉ የሚላክለትን ሰው ወይም መስሪያ ቤት በግልጽ ባያስቀምጥም፣ ይሰራበታል ብለው ለሚገምቱት ሰው መላክ ጥሩ ሃሳብ ነው። ለምሳሌ፣ ረፈራሉን ለትምህርት ቤት ርዕሰ መምህር ወይም የዲስትሪክቱን የልዩ ትምህርት ዳይሪክተር ሊመርጡ ይችላሉ።

ዲስትሪክቱ ረፈራሉን ለልዩ ትምህርት ምዘና ከተቀበለ በኋላ ምን ይደረጋል?

ዲስትሪክቱ ተማሪውን ለመገምገም ለመወሰን 25 የትምህርት ቀናት አለው። (በአንቀፅ 504 ውስጥ ምንም የግምገማ ጊዜ የሉም። ዲስትሪክቱ የ 504 መመዘኛ ፖሊሲ ከሌለው፣የ IDEA የግምገማ ጊዜዎች እንደመመርያ ይጠቀሙ።) ለመመዘን ሲወሰን፣ ዲስትሪክቱ በትምህርት ቤት ወይም ከወላጅ ወይም ከአሳዳጊ የሚሰጠውን የትምህርት እና የህክምና መረጃ መገምገም አለበት። ዲስትሪክቱ ለመመዘን ውሳኔ ከሰጠ በኋላ፣ ለወላጅ ወይም ለአሳዳጊ የውሳኔውን በጽሁፍ ማስታወቂያ መላክ አለበት። ዲስትሪክቱ ላለመመዘን ውሳኔ ከሰጠ፣ ስለ ውሳኔው መቃወም ይችላሉ። ከዲስትሪክቱ ጋር አለመግባባቶችን ለመፍታት የተለያዩ መንገዶችን የሚገልጸውን የዚህን እትም አንቀፅ VII ይመልከቱ።

ዲስትሪክቱ ለመመዘን ምን ፈቃድ ያስፈልገዋል?

ድስትሪክቱ ልጁን ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ከመገምገሙ በፊት፣ ከወላጅ ፈቃድ መጠየቅ አለበት። ወላጁ ፍቃደኛ ካልሆነ፣ ዲስትሪክቱ የወላጁን ፍቃደኛ አለመሆን ለማሳገድ ችሎት ሊጠይቅ ይችላል።

ግምገማውን ለማድረግ ዲስትሪክቱ አንዴ ፍቃድ ካገኘ ምን ይፈጠራል?

የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ተማሪውን ለመመዘን 35 የትምህርት ቀናት አለው። የዋሽንግተን ህግ እንደሚገልጸው ዲስትሪክቱ አንዴ ለልዩ ትምህርት ብቁነት ግምገማ ፍቃድ ካገኘ ለ 35 የትምህርት ቀናት፦

  • ተማሪውን ሙሉ በሙሉ ይመዝናል
  • ተማሪው የአካል ጉዳት እንዳለበት ይመዝናል
  • እርሱ ወይም እርሷ ልዩ የትምህርት አገልግሎት እንደሚያስፈልጋቸው ይወስናል

ዲስትሪክቱ የወላጅን ስምምነት እስከመዘገበ ድረስ፣ ዲስትሪክቱ እና ወላጅ ለሌላ የጊዜ ገደብ ሊስማሙ ይችላሉ። ለምሳሌ፣ አንድ ወላጅ ራሱን የቻለ የትምህርት ምዘና ውጤቶችን ለመጠበቅ ጊዜውን ለማራዘም ሊስማማ ይችላል። ወላጅ ልጁን ወደ ግምገማው ለማምጣት ደጋግሞ ፈቃደኛ ካልሆነ ወይም ልጁ ወደ ሌላ ዲስትሪክት ቢዘዋወር፣ አዲሱ ዲስትሪክት ግምገማውን ለማጠናቀቅ በቂ መሻሻል እያሳየ እስካለ ድረስ ወላጅ እና አዲሱ ዲስትሪክት ግምገማውን በጊዜ ሰሌዳው ለመጨረስ ከተስማሙ የ 35ቱ የትምህርት ቀን የጊዜ ሰሌዳ ይቋረጣል።

የዋሽንግተን ግዛት የግምገማ ጊዜ ሰሌዳዎች

evaltimeline

የልዩ ትምህርት ግምገማ ረፈራል ->

ተማሪውን ለመገምገም ለመወሰን 25 የትምህት ቀናት ->

ለግምገማ የተጻፈ የወላጅ ስምምነት ->

ግምገማውን ለማጠናቀቅ 35 የትምህርት ቀናት

በግምገማው ሂደት ልጄ ቢዘዋወር ምን ይደረጋል?

ተማሪው በተመሳሳይ የትምህርት አመት ወደ ሌላ ዲስትሪክት ከተዘዋወረ፣የተማሪው የቀድሞ ትምህርት ቤት እና አዲሱ ትምህርት ቤት በመቀናጀት በተቻለ ፍጥነት የልዩ ትምህርት ምዘናውን ጨርሰው ማስተላለፋቸውን ማረጋገጥ አለባቸው። የዋሽንግተን ግዛት ተማሪው ሲመዘገብ አዲሱ ዲስትሪክት የተማሪ መረጃዎችን ማግኘት እንዲጀምር እና የተማሪው የቀድሞ ትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት በ 2 የትምህርት ቀናት ውስጥ አስፈላጊውን መረጃ እና የትምህርት መዝገቦች በተቻለ ፍጥነት እንዲሰጥ ያስገድዳል።

የልዩ ትምህርት ምዘና አላማ ምንድነው?

ዲስትሪክቱ የአካል ጉዳት እንዳለበት በተጠረጠበት አቅጣጫ ሁሉ ህጻኑን መመዘን አለበት። የልዩ ትምህርት መመዘኛ ሁለት እቅድ አለው፦ 1) የብቁነት አገልግሎቶችን ለመወሰን፣ እና 2)የተማሪውን ፍላጎቶች እና ጥንካሬዎች በመለየት የግል የትምህርት ፕሮግራም እንዲሰጠው ለማድረግ። ዲስትሪክቱ በሁሉም የተጠረጠሩ የአካል ጉዳት አቅጣጫዎች የመመዘኑ እውነታ ወሳኝ፣ አስፈላጊ ነጥብ ነው። አንዳንዴ ተማሪው ከአንድ በላይ ችግሮች ሊኖርበት ይችላል። ተማሪው ለልዩ ትምህርት በአንድ አቅጣጫ ብቁ ከሆነ ዲስትሪክቱ ምዘናውን ሊያቋርጥ ይችላል። መመዘኛው በአንድ አቅጣጫ ጋር ብቻ የተያያዘ ከሆነ፣ የተማሪውን የግል ፕሮግራም ለማዘጋጀት ስለሁሉም የተማሪው ፍላጎቶች በቂ መረጃ ላይኖር ይችላል። ለልጅዎ አስፈላጊ የሆነውን የትምህርት እቅድ ለማግኘት፣ የዲስትሪክቱ የግምገማ ሁሉን አቀፍ መሆናቸውን በጥንቃቄ ለማረጋገጥ ትኩረት ይስጡ። ዲስትሪክቱ በሁሉም ሁኔታ ምዘናውን የማድረግ ግዴታ እንዳለበት ያስታውሱ።

በየትኛዎቹ ሁኔታ ሊመዘኑ ይችላሉ እንዲሁም ምን አይነት ፈተናዎች ጥቅም ላይ ይውላሉ?

ዲስትሪክቱ ልጁን በሚከተሉት ሁኔታ ሊገመግም ይችላል፦

  • ጤና (አካላዊ እና አእምሯዊ)
  • እይታ
  • መስማት
  • ማህበራዊ እና የስሜት ጤና
  • አጠቃላይ ብልሃት
  • የትምህርት ብቃት
  • ተግባቦት፣ ንግግር፣ እና ቋንቋ
  • የሞተር ችሎታ

ለምዘና የሚጠቅሙት ፈተናዎች ለሚፈተኑበት ሁኔታ ተገቢ እና ተስማሚ መሆን አለበት። ይህ ማለት ፈተናዎቹ መለካት የሚገባቸውን ሁሉንም ነገሮች በትክክል መለካት አለባቸው። ለምሳሌ፣ የ Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (የልጆች የዌችስለር ስኬል IV) (WISC IV ተብሎ የሚጠራው) በብዛት አጠቃላይ የማሰብ ችሎታን ለመመዘን የሚጠቅም ፈተና ነው። በአጠቃላይ፣ የ WISC IV ውጤቶች ለዚህ አላማ ስላልተነደፉ የልጅን የስሜት ሁኔታ ለመለካት አይጠቅሙም። ፈተናዎች እና የመመዘኛ መሳሪያዎች መመረጥ እና መተዳደር ያለባቸው ዘርን፣ ባህልን ወይም ጾታን በማይለይ መሰረት ነው። በተጨማሪም፣ ፈተናዎች እና መሳሪያዎች፣ በዚህ ለመስጠት የማይቻል እስካልሆነ ድረስ፣ በተማሪው የትውልድ ቋንቋ ወይም በሌላ የተግባቦት ስልት (እንደ ምልክት ቋንቋ) መሰጠት አለባቸው። ምን ማድረግ አለብዎት? ስለ ፈተናዎቹ ይጠይቁ። የፈተናዎቹ ቋንቋ የሚያስፈራ ቢሆንም እንኳን፣ ጥያቄ በመጠየቅ መረዳት ይችላሉ፦

  • የፈተናው አላማ፣ እና
  • የፈተናው አይነት ለልጅዎ ትክክለኛ መሆኑን።

 

ከፈታኝ ቡድኖች መካከል አንዱን ፈተናዎቹን በግልጽ ቋንቋ እንዲያብራራልዎት ይጠይቁ። የሚሰጠው ፈተና መመዘን የሚገባውን በትክክል የመመዘን ችሎታ እንዳለው እርግጠኛ ይሁኑ። ለምሳሌ፣ አንዳንድ ፈተናዎቹ ተገቢ እንዲሆኑ እድሜ፣ የማንበብ ችሎታ፣ እና የቋንቋ ችሎታ ይጠይቃሉ። ልጅዎ ለአንድ የተለየ ፈተና በጣም ትንሽ ከሆነ፣ ለፈተናው አስፈላጊ በሆነ ደረጃ ማንበብ ካልቻለ፣ ወይም ፈተናው በልጅዎ የመጀመሪያ ቋንቋ ካልተሰጠ፣ የፈተናው ውጤቶች ጠቃሚ እና ተገቢ ላይሆኑ ይችላል።

የሚፈትነው ማነው?

በተጠረጠረው አካል ጉዳት ለመፈተን ብቁ በሆኑ ባለሙያዎች ይሰጣል። የትምህርት ቤቱ የስነ-ልቦና ባለሙያዎች ፈተናውን መስጠት ይችላሉ። ነገር ግን አንዳንድ የአካል ጉዳት ሁኔታዎች ልዩ ስልጠና የወሰደ የስነ-ልቦና ባለሙያ፣ሳይካትሪስት፣ አካላዊ ቴራፒስት/የንግግር ቴራፒስት፣ የጤና ሃኪም ወይም ሌላ ባለሙያ ሰው ሊያስፈልገው ይችላል። የዲስትሪክቱ ሰራተኛ ግምገማውን መጨረስ ካልቻለ፣ ዲስትሪክቱ የምዘናውን ሂደት የሚጨርስ ባለሙያ ከውጪ ያስፈልገዋል። እነዚህ በውጪ የሚደረጉ ምዘናዎች በዲስትሪክቱ መከፈል አለባቸው። ዲስትሪክቱ በውጪ ለሚደረግ መመዘኛ ተማሪውን ወይም ወላጅ የግል ኢንሹራንስ ካለው ወይም ሌላ እርዳታ ሊጠይቅ ይችላል ተማሪው ወይም ቤተሰብ የመድህን ጥቅማ ጥቅሞችን ወይም ሌላ የድጎማ ምንጮችን፣ ዲስትሪክቱ አሁንም የውጪ ግምገማን በማዘጋጀት እና በመክፈል ተገቢውን ግምገማ መጨረስ አለበት።

ስለ ልጁ ልዩ ትምህርት ብቁነት ዲስትሪክቱ መረጃ የሚሰበስብበት ሌሎች መንገዶች ምንድን ናቸው?

ዲስትሪክቱ ስለ ተማሪው የተግባር፣ የእድገት እና የትምህርት መረጃ ለመሰብሰብ የተለያዩ የፈተና መሳሪያዎችን እና ስልቶችን መጠቀም አለበት። መረጃ መሰብሰብ የተማሪውን ግምገማ እና የቤተሰብ፣ የተንከባካቢዎች፣ እና ሌሎች ተማሪውን የሚያውቁ ሰዎች ቃለመጠይቅን ሊያካትት ይችላል። IDEA እና No Child Left Behind Act (የማንም ልጅ ከኋላ አይቅር አዋጅ) መረጃ ለመሰብሰብ የክፍል ውስጥ ግምገማዎችን አጽንኦት ይሰጣሉ። እነዚህ በክፍል ውስጥ የሚደረጉ ግምገማዎች ብዙውን ጊዜ ስርአተ ትምህርትን መሰረት ያደረጉ መለኪያዎች (CBMs) ይባላሉ። ሁሉም የግምገማ ቡድኑ አባላት እነዚህን ግምገማዎች መከለስ እንዲችሉ CBMs ከልጅዎ ጋር ጥቅም ላይ እንደዋሉ መጠየቅ አለብዎት ምክንያቱም አንዳንድ ጊዜ CBMs የሚጠናቀቁት በአጠቃላይ መምህር እንጂ ከልዩ ትምህርት ሰራተኞች ጋር በጋራ አይደለም።

በግምገማው አላማ ወይም ውጤት ካልተስማማሁስ?

በግምገማው ካልተስማሙ በዲስትሪክቱ ወጪ ገለልተኛ የትምህርት ግምገማ መጠየቅ ይችላሉ። በግምገማው ዙሪያ ወይም በውጤቱ ስጋት ካልዎት፣ ማድረግ የሚችሉት ነገሮች አሉ፦

  • ከዲስትሪክቱ ጋር ይነጋገሩ እና ስጋትዎን ይናገሩ። ተጨማሪ ወይም ሌላ ግምገማ እንዲደረግሎት ዲስትሪክቱን ይጠይቁ
  • ግምግማው እንዲደረግ ሌሎች አማራጮችን ይፈልጉ (ልጅዎ አሳሳቢ በሆኑ ጉዳዮች ላይ ለግምገማ የሚከፈል የህክምና ሽፋን አለው? ዲስትሪክቱ የውጪ ግምገማዎችን ግምት ውስጥ ማስገባት አለበት።)
  • በዲስትሪክቱ ወጪ ገለልተኛ የትምህርት ግምገማ ይጠይቁ፣ እና የገምጋሚዎቹን ዝርዝር ከዲስትሪክቱ ያግኙ
  • እንደ ሽምግልና፣ ቅሬታ፣ ወይም የችሎት ሂደት ያሉ፣ መደበኛ የግጭት አፈታት አማራጮችን ያስቡ። ስለ ግጭት አፈታት የበለጠ መረጃ ለማግኘት የዚህን እትም ክፍል VII ይመልከቱ።

“በህዝብ ወጪ ገለልተኛ ትምህርታዊ ግምገማ” ብጠይቅ ምን ይደረጋል?

ዲስትሪክቱ ጥያቄውን መመለስ ወይም ግምገማው ተገቢ መሆኑን ለማሳየት ይግባኝ ይጠይቃል። ገለልተኛ ትምህርታዊ ግምገማ ማለት የዲስትሪክቱ ተቀጣሪ ባልሆነ ብቁ በሆነ ባለሙያ የሚሰጥ ለተማሪው የሚሰጥ መመዘኛ ነው። በተጠየቀ ጊዜ፣ ዲስትሪክቱ ገለልተኛ ግምገማ የት እንደሚገኝ ለወላጆች መረጃ መስጠት አለበት። ወላጆች ማን እንደሚገመግም መምረጥ ይችላሉ። ዲስትሪክቱ ገለልተኛ ግምገማን ከተቃወመ የፍትህ ችሎት ሂደት ለመጠየቅ 15 ቀናት አሉት። ዲስትሪክቱ በ 15 ቀናት ውስጥ ችሎት ካልጠየቀ፣ ለገለልተኛ ግምገማ የመክፈል ወይም ይህ ያለክፍያ ለወላጅ ወይም ለተማሪ መሰጠቱን እርግጠኛ መሆን አለበት። የችሎቱ ሹም የዲስትሪክቱ ግምገማ ተገቢ ነው ብሎ ከወሰነ፣ ወላጁ አሁንም ገለልተኛ ግምገማ የማግኘት መብት አለው፣ ነገር ግን ዲስትሪክቱ መክፈል አይጠበቅበትም። ዲስትሪክቱ ምንም እንኳ መክፈል ባይኖርበትም የገለልተኛ ግምገማውን ውጤት ማጤን አለበት።

Qualification for IDEA Services

Qualification for IDEA Services stephanieP

Qualification for IDEA Services

How does a district decide if my student is eligible for special education, and who takes part in the decision making?

The district must make an eligibility decision based on the evaluation.

Once the evaluation is completed, the district must produce an evaluation report stating the following:

  • Whether the student has a disability
  • How the disability affects the student’s progress in school
  • What services are recommended to address the student’s individual needs.

Whether a student is eligible for special education is determined by a group composed of the student’s parent(s) and qualified professionals selected by the school district.

Parents have a right to notice of meetings and to participate in all meetings with respect to the identification, evaluation, and delivery of services to the student. Parents must also receive written notice of any decision made at such a meeting.

How will I know if the student is eligible for special education?

The district sends you notice.

The district must provide the student’s parent with a copy of the evaluation report and documentation of its decision about eligibility.

What can I do if my child is denied eligibility for special education?

You can challenge the district’s decision.

If you think your child has been wrongly denied eligibility for special education services, you can try to change the district’s decision by:

  • Discussing the situation with school personnel
  • Requesting a mediation conference
  • Filing a complaint or
  • Requesting an IDEA due process or 504 hearing.

Talking things through with school officials—including special education staff, the principal, your child’s teachers and counselor—is the best way to start dealing with any problem.

If discussing the issue doesn’t get you anywhere, consider using more formal dispute resolution. Anyone can file a citizen complaint on behalf of a student. A parent can also request a due process hearing or mediation.

Where you can have an impact

Ask for a person from the district’s Section 504 program be made part of the eligibility determination group. If the group decides the student is not eligible for special education under IDEA but may be eligible under Section 504, this person can help identify services provided under Section 504.

An Overview of Section 504

An Overview of Section 504 stephanieP

An Overview of Section 504

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act was the first law made to protect people with disabilities. Under Section 504, all programs receiving federal funding must not discriminate against individuals based on a disability.  Public schools receive federal funding, and therefore must follow the requirements of Section 504 to ensure students with disabilities are not treated differently. School districts must also take steps that range from accommodating special needs to providing special instruction and related services. The intent of Section 504 is to remove barriers so people with disabilities can fully participate in “life activities” such as learning in school.

Section 504 defines disability as an impairment that substantially limits a major life activity. Learning is a “major life activity” for children.  Impairments that affect a student’s education may qualify him or her for services under Section 504. The definition of disability under Section 504 is much broader than under the IDEA, so many students who are not eligible for IDEA may be eligible for extra support under Section 504.

School districts are required to create procedures and systems for implementing Section 504. In addition, each district must designate at least one person to coordinate the district’s efforts to comply with Section 504. Ask for a copy of the district’s procedures and for the name of the person designated as the Section 504 compliance officer.

How can my student become eligible for 504 services?

Districts are required to identify students who may have disabilities and evaluate whether they need extra support in order to receive a meaningful education. The evaluation must be done at no cost to the student. As under IDEA, districts must use valid assessment tools, administered by trained people. The evaluation tools must also be tailored to test specific needs and accurately reflect the student’s abilities. Unlike IDEA, there are no specific timelines for the district to finish an evaluation.

Is parental consent required for evaluation under Section 504?

Yes. The regulations under Section 504 do not provide explicit rules regarding ‘consent for evaluation.’ The Federal Office of Civil Rights (OCR) has issued guidance for this area that relies on the framework created by the related ‘consent’ provisions of the IDEA. This means school districts to implement Section 504 in accordance with OCR guidelines, they must obtain parental consent for an initial evaluation. Similarly, if a parent withholds consent, a school district may use due process hearing procedures to try and override a parents’ denial of consent for an initial evaluation. In addition, if a parent revokes consent under IDEA, the parent is also revoking consent under Section 504.

Can I revoke consent for some services and not other services under the IDEA or Section 504?

Section 504 does not have regulations that address revoking parental consent, so we look to language under the IDEA to provide guidance for both federal laws. The IDEA regulations state that if a parent revokes consent after the initial provision of services, the school district is no longer responsible for providing a free and appropriate public education to the student or to develop an IEP. This also means that the district is no longer responsible for services under Section 504.

However, it should be considered a different matter when a parent is not revoking consent, but rather refusing to consent to some services offered by a school district that they disagree with. Section 300.300 (b)(3) of the federal regulations state: “A public agency may not use a parent's refusal to consent to one service or activity under paragraphs (a), (b), (c) or (d)(2) of this section to deny the parent or child any other service, benefit, or activity of the public agency, except as required by this part.”

How often does the district have to reevaluate my student?

Section 504 requires periodic reevaluation of students with disabilities. The law does not state clearly how often, except that evaluating at least once every 3 years (like under IDEA) would satisfy this requirement.

Like IDEA, Section 504 also requires a reevaluation whenever the district proposes to make significant changes to a student’s program.

Does the district have to develop a plan for my student?

Section 504 requires a plan for meeting the student’s special needs, but it doesn’t require that the plan be written.

The Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) recommends that districts have written plans, even if it is not as detailed as an IEP.

Who develops the 504 plan?

There is no clear guidance in the law about who specifically should be involved in the development of the 504 plan. Section 504 does say that decisions about placement and services must be made by a group of people who knows the student, understands the evaluation data, and knows about support available within the district. You can ask to be on the 504 team and share your information about your student’s strengths and needs.

What kinds of things can be put into a 504 plan?

504 plans can range from seating a student near the teacher for extra help to providing specialized instruction and related services. For a student who has challenging behavior, a behavior plan, counseling, or an aide may be necessary for them to participate in school. For a student who is hearing impaired, a signing interpreter or written lectures might be included in the plan. Be creative! Your suggestions about how your student can participate in school should be open for consideration.

Does the district have to educate my student in a general education classroom?

Unless an IEP or 504 plan requires another arrangement, a student must be educated in the school that he or she would attend if not disabled and be with non-disabled classmates to the maximum extent possible.

What if the district refuses to develop a 504 plan, or there appears to be some other sort of discrimination against my student?

Section 504 requires that school districts develop dispute resolution procedures, including the right to an impartial hearing. Ask for a copy of the district’s 504 procedures to determine your next step. In addition, you can make a complaint to the Office of Civil Rights. See Section VII in this publication for more information about making a civil rights complaint. A civil rights complaint must be filed within 180 calendar days (6 months) from the date of the discrimination. If the complaint is not filed within the 180 days, include a request for a waiver and explain why the complaint is being filed now.

Where you can have an impact

Urge the district to move quickly to finish the evaluation. If the district doesn’t have a policy or set timelines for completing the evaluation, ask the district use the IDEA evaluation timelines as a guide.

Ask the district to put the Section 504 plan in writing. If the district refuses, write up what you think the district agreed to do, and send the school a letter. Ask the district to confirm that the district’s understanding of the plan is the same as yours.

Individualized education program ወይም “IEP” ምንድነው?

Individualized education program ወይም “IEP” ምንድነው? stephanieP

Individualized education program ወይም “IEP” ምንድነው?

Individualized Education Program (IEP፣ ግለሰባዊ የትምህርት ፕሮግራም) አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪ ትርጉም ያለው ትምህርት እንዲያገኝ የሚያስፈልገውን መመሪያ እና አገልግሎት የሚዘረዝር መግለጫ ነው። Individualized education program፣ ወይም IEP፣ ተማሪው ስለሚቀበለው ልዩ ትምህርታዊ አገልግሎቶች የሚገልጽ ሰነድ ነው። IEP ህጋዊ ሰነድ ሲሆን ተማሪዎች በ IEP የተዘረዘሩትን አገልግሎቶች የማግኘት መብት አላቸው። IEP ለልጁ እና ለትምህርት ፍላጎቶቹ የተዘጋጀ መሆን አለበት፣ እንዲሁም አገልግሎቶችን ለማድረስ የፈጠራ ስልቶችን ሊያካትት ይችላል።

IEP ማካተት ያለበት፦

  • የተማሪው የአሁን የትምህርት እና የተግባር አፈጻጸም ደረጃዎች ተማሪው እንዴት እየሰራ እንዳለ የሚያሳይ መግለጫ
  • አመታዊ የትምህርት ግቦች
  • የልጁ እድገት እንዴት እንደሚለካ እና የልጁ መሻሻል ሪፖርት በየጊዜው የሚቀርብበት ሰነድ
  • አንድ ልጅ በሁለቱም አጠቃላይ ትምህርታዊ የክፍል ቅንብር እና ልዩ ትምህርታዊ ቅንብር የሚቀበላችውን ሁሉም አገልግሎቶች ይገልጻል።
  • እንደ የንግግር እና የቋንቋ ቴራፒ፣ መጓጓዣ፣ እና የምክር አገልግሎት የመሳሰሉ ተማሪው የሚቀበላቸው “ተዛማጅ አገልግሎቶች” መግለጫ
  • እንደ የተሻሻለ ማንበቢያ መሳሪያዎች፣ የፈተና ማንበቢያ እና ለሎች ግምገማዎች፣ ለትምህርት የሚሆኑ መቅጃዎች፣ የመሳሰሉት ሊቀርቡ ስለሚገባቸው ሁሉም የፕሮግራም ማሻሻዎች መግለጫ
  • ተማሪው አጋዥ የተክኖሎጂ መሳሪያዎች እና አገልግሎቶች እንደሚያስፈልገው መወሰን። አጋዥ ተክኖሎጂ ማለት የተማሪውን አቅም የሚያሳድጉ ወይም የሚጠብቁ እና እንደ ኮምፒውተር ወይም ኪቦርድ ያሉ በገበያ የሚመረቱ ነገሮችን የሚያካትቱ መሳሪያዎች ወይም ስርዓትቶች ማለት ነው።
  • ለምቹ PE ብቁ የመሆን ውሳኔ፣ እና ብቁ ከሆኑ፣ እንዴት ይሰጣል
  • ተማሪው በአጠቃላይ የትምህርት ክፍሎች እና እንቅስቃሴዎች እንደት እንደሚሳተፍ፣ እና ይህ ካልሆነ፣ ለምን የሚለውን የሚገልጽ
  • በ IEP ቡድን አስፈላጊ ከሆነ፣ ለተማሪው ማንኛውንም የተራዘመ የትምህርት ዘመን አገልግሎቶችን ማመቻቸት
  • ለተማሪው የሚያስፈልግ ከሆነ ጣልቃ መግባት
  • ለሚቀርቡት አገልግሎቶች ቦታ፣ ጊዜ እና ድግግሞሽ
  • አገልግሎት የሚጀምርባቸው ቀናት
  • በ IEP ቡድን አስፈላጊ ተብሎ ከተወሰነ ተማሪው 16 አመት ሲሞላው፣ ወይም ከዚያ በታች ከሆነ IEP ዘግይቶ ተግባራዊ መሆን ይጀምራል፦ 1) ከሁለተኛ ደረጃ በኋላ ሊለኩ የሚችሉ ግቦች 2) ተማሪው እነዚህ ግቦች ላይ እንዲደርስ ለመርዳት የሚያስፈልጉ የሽግግር አገልግሎቶች

በተጨማሪም፣ ተቀያሪ መመዘኛዎችን የሚወስዱ ተማሪዎች የሚከተሉትን በእነርሱ IEP ማካተት አለባቸው፦

  • የተቀያሪ ወይም የአጭር ጊዜ አላማዎች መግለጫ
  • ተማሪው በመደበኛ ምዘና ለምን መሳተፍ እንደማይችል የሚያስረዳ መግለጫ
  • ለተማሪው የተለየ ተቀያሪ ምዘና ለምን እንዳስፈለገው የሚያስረዳ መግለጫ

ልጄ ለልዩ ትምህርት ብቁ ከሆነ ወይም ከሆነች ከመጀመሪያው መመዘኛ በኋላ በምን ያህል ፍጥነት IEP ማግኘት ይችላል ወይም ትችላለች?

ተማሪው ለልዩ ትምህርት ብቁ መሆኑ በተወሰነ በ 30 ቀን ውስጥ፣ የ IEP ስብሰባ መጠራት አለበት። የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ተማሪው አንዴ ለልዩ ትምህርት ብቁ መሆኑን ከወሰነ፣ ዲስትሪክቱ የ IEP ስብሰባ ለማድረግ እና ለተማሪው የግል እቅድ ለማውጣት 30 ቀናት (የትምህርት ቀናት አይደሉም) አለው።

IEP የሚያዘጋጀው ማን ነው?

የ IEP ቡድን የተመሰረተው የተማሪውን የትምህርት ፕሮግራም ለማዘጋጀት መርዳት በሚችሉ ሰዎች ነው። የቡድኑ ሰዎች IEP ውን የመጻፍና ማጽደቅ ሃላፊነት አለባቸው። የሚከተሉት የ IEP ቡድኑ ሰዎች እና ሁሉም የ IEP ስብሰባዎች ላይ በአጠቃላይ መገኘት አለባቸው።

  • ወላጅ ወይም ሞግዚት
  • ከተማሪው አጠቃላይ ትምህርት አስተማሪዎች ቢያንስ አንዱ (ተማሪው በአጠቃላይ የትምህርት አካባቢ ውስጥ ከሆነ ወይም እየተሳተፈ ከሆነ)
  • ከተማሪው የልዩ ትምህርት አስተማሪዎች ቢያንስ አንዱ ወይም፣ ተገቢ ሲሆን፣ ልዩ ትምህርት አቅራቢ
  • በአካል ጉዳተኛ ልጆች ትምህርት ብቁ የሆነ እና ስለ አጠቃላይ ስርአተ ትምህርትና ስላለው ግብአቶች (እንደ ልዩ ትምህርት ዳይሬክተር ያሉ) ብቃት ያለው የዲስትሪክቱ ተወካይ
  • የግምገማን መረጃ መተርጎም የሚችልግለሰብ (ከላይ ከተጠቀሱት ሰዎች አንዱ ወይም የትምህርት ቤቱ የስነ ልቦና ባለሙያ ሊሆን ይችላል)
  • በወላጅ ወይም በዲስትሪክቱ ውሳኔ፣ ሌሎች እውቀት ያላቸው ወይም በልጆች ዙሪያ ልዩ ባለሙያ
  • ተማሪው (ተገቢ ከሆነ)
  • የሽግግር አገልግሎት አቅራቢዎች (የሙያ ስፔሻሊስቶች ወይም ከኤጀንሲው ውጪ ያለ ሰው እንደ Developmental Disability Administration (DDA፣ የእድገት አካል ጉዳት ክፍፍል))።

ሌሎች ሰዎች በ IEP ቡድን ሊኖሩ ይችላሉ። ህጉ በልዩነት “እውቀት ያላቸውን ወይም ልጆች ዙሪያ ያሉ ልዩ ኤክስፐርቶች” በ IEP እንዲሳተፉ ይፈቅዳል። ይሀ ማለት የ IEP ቡድኑ ዘመዶችን፣ ቤተሰቦችን፣ጓደኞችን፣የህብረተሰቡን አባላት፣ተራፒስቲች፣ እና ጠበቆችን ያካትታል። ዲስትሪክቱ ወይም ቤተሰብ እውቀት ያለው ወይም በልጁ ዙሪያ ኤክስፐርት የሆነ ሰው ይወስናል። በልጅዎ IEP ቡድን ውስጥ ሌሎች ሰዎች እንዲካተቱ ከፈለጉ፣ እንዲጋበዙ ለትምህርት ቤቱ መንገርዎን እርግጠኛ ይሁኑ። ነገር ግን፣ በ IDEA እና በከተማው ልዩ ትምህርት ህግ ስር፣የ IEP ቡድን አባላት በማንኛውም ሁኔታ እንዲገኙ ላያስፈልግ ይችላል። ከላይ የተዘረዘው የ IEP ቡድኑ አባላቱ የትምህርት ዘርፍ የስብሰባው ርእሰ ጉዳይ እና ወላጁ እና የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት የእሱ ወይም የእሷ መገኘት አስፈላጊ እንዳልሆነ በጽሁፍ ከተስማሙ በ IEP ስብሰባ ላይ እንዲሳተፉ አይገደዱም። ለምሳሌ፣ የንግግር አገልግሎቶች የ IEP ስብሰባ ርእሰ ጉዳይ ካልሆነ እና ስብሰባው ስለ ተማሪው የባህሪ ጣልቃገብ እቅድ ብቻ መወያየት ከሆነ ወላጅ እና የትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት የንግግር እና የቋንቋ አቅራቢ እንዲገኝ ላያስፈልግ ይችላል ብለው በጽሁፍ ከተስማሙ መገኘት አያስፈልጋቸውም። በተጨማሪ፣ ወላጅ እና የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት በጽሁፍ ከተስማሙ ስብሰባው የቡድኑን አባል ቦታ ማሻሻያ ወይም ውይይትን የሚያካትት ቢሆንም የ IEP ቡድን አባላት በስብሰባው ላይገኙ ይችላሉ፣ ነገር ግን ያልተገኘው የቡድን አባል ከስብሰባው በፊት ለወላጅ እና ለትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ለ IEPው እድገት የጽሁፍ ግብአት ማስረከብ አለበት።

የ IEP ቡድኑ ስብሰባ መቼ እንደሆነ እንዴት ማወቅ እችላለሁ?

ዲስትሪክቱ ለወላጆች የ IEP ስብሰባ አላማን፣ ጊዜውና ቦታውን፣ እና ማን እንደሚሳተፍ ማሳወቅ አለባቸው። ወላጆች የመሳተፍ እድል እንዲያገኙ ዲስትሪክቱ ቀደም ብሎ ማሳወቁን እርግጠኛ መሆን አለበት። ስብሰባው በሰአት እና በቦታ ስምምነት መታቀድ አለበት። ወላጅ እና ዲስትሪክቱ ከተስማሙ፣ ስብሰባው በስልክ ወይም በቪዲዮ ስብሰባ መሆን ይችላል።

ለ IEP ምን አስተዋጾ ማበርከት እችላለሁ?

ስኬታማ ልዩ የትምህርት ፕሮግራም ለመፍጠር ከወላጅ እና ከሌሎች ተማሪውን ከሚያውቁ እና ስለ እሱ ወይም እሷ ስኬት የሚያስቡ ሰዎች ግብአት ቁልፍ ነው። ወላጆች በ IEP ቡድኑ ዋና ክፍል የሆኑ እና ሌሎች ጠቃሚ ሰዎችን ለማጠቃለል አንዳንድ ትልልቅ ሃሳቦች ይኖራቸዋል። በ IEP ቡድኑ እቅድ በሚያወጡበት ጊዜ አንዳንድ እገዳዎችን ማስተዋል አለባቸው። በሂደቱ አስተዋጽኦ ይኖራቸዋል ብለው የሚያስቧቸውን ሌሎች ሰዎች ለትምህርት ቤቱ ማሳወቅ አለቦት። እንደ ጠበቃ የእርሶ ዋና ሚና ትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት የሚሰጠውን የትምህርት ፕሮግራም እና አገልግሎቶች መመዘን ነው። ለምሳሌ፣ ስለ ልጅዎ አቅም ካልዎት ግንዛቤ አንጻር ግቦቹ እና አላማዎቹ ምክንያታዊ ናቸው? በዲስትሪክቱ የሚሰጡት የአገልግሎቶች አይነቶች ለልጅዎ ልዩነት ይፈጥራሉ? የትምህርት እቅዱን ለማሻሻል አስተያየት ካልዎት በ IEP ቡድኑ ስብሰባ ላይ መናገር ይችላሉ።[ አዲስ እይታ እና ፈጠራ በሂደቱ መጨመር ይችላሉ።  ልጅዎ የሚሳተፍበትን አስተማሪዎች ያላስተዋሉትን መንገዶች ያስቡ። ለምሳሌ፣ ልዩ እንቅስቃእሴ ወይም የስፖርት ጊዜ ሽልማት ልጅዎን በቤት ውስጥ ስራዎችን እንዲሰራ የሚያነሳሳ ከሆነ፣ ትምህርቱንም ለመጨረስ ሽልማት መስጠት ይቻላል። ወይም ልጅዎ ብዙ ሰው ሲኖር፣ እና በጫጫታ የሚረበሽ መሆኑን የሚያውቁ ከሆነ ልጅዎ ከሌሎች ተማሪዎች በፊት ወይም በኋላ ክፍሎች እንዲቀይር ሃሳብ መስጠት ይችላሉ።

IEPው የባህሪ ችግሮችን እንዴት ይፈታል?

የባህሪ ችግሮች ካሉ IEP የተግባር ግምገማ እና የባህሪ ጣልቃገብነት እቅድ ማካተት ይኖርበታል። ባህሪው በሚማርበት ወይም በለሎች ተማሪዎች ላይ ተጽእኖ ካደረገ፣ IEP ባህሪን ለማሻሻል ግቦችን እና አላማዎችን ማቅረብ እና ችግሩን ለመፍታት ስልቶችን መስጠት አለበት። የተማሪው ባህሪ ከአካል ጉዳቱ ጋር የተያያዘ ሊሆን እንደሚችል ማታወስ አስፈላጊ ነው። IEP የባህሪ ችግሮችን አስቀድሞ ማወቅ እና ችግሮቹ ከመከሰታቸው በፊት ምላሽ ለመስጠት ውጤታማ መንገዶችን መፍጠር አለበት።

IEP የሚከለሰው ወይም የሚገመገመው መቼ ነው?

ቢያንስ በአመት አንዴ፣ ነገር ግን በብዛት የ IEP ቡድን አባል ሲጠየቅ ነው። IEP ቢያንስ በአመት አንዴ መገምገም አለበት። ሆኖም፣ የግምገማ ጊዜው ቢያልፍም ዲስትሪክቱ IEPውን መከተል አለበት። በአመቱ መጨረሻ፣ የ IEP ቡድን የትምህርት ፕሮግራሙን ለመገምገም እና አመታዊ ግቦቹ መሳካታቸውን ለማወቅ መገናኘት አለባቸው። ተማሪው የትምህርት እድገት ካሳየ ወይም ስለ ተማሪው አዲስ መረጃ ከቀረበ IEP መከለስ አለበት። IEP በተጨማሪ ተማሪው ሲያድግ የሚለወጡ ፍላጎቶችን አስቀድሞ መገመት አለበት። IEP በማንኛውም ጊዜ በቡድን አባል ጥያቄ ሁኔታዎች ሲቀየሩ ሊገመገም ይችላል። ነገር ግን፣ በ IDEA እና በከተማው የልዩ ትምህርት ህግ፣ ወላጆች እና ዲስትሪክቱ ይሀን ለማድረግ ከተስማሙ የ IEP ስብሰባ ሳይጠሩ ከአመታዊው ግምገማ ብኋላ በ ልጁ IEP ላይ ለውጦች ሊደረጉ ይችላሉ። በዚህ ሁኔታ የልጁን IEP ለማሻሻል ወይም ለማስተካከል ጥቅም ላይ ሊውል ይችላል። በወላጆች ጥያቄ፣ የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ማሻሻያዎችን ያካተተ የተሻሻለውን የ IEP ቅጂ ለወላጅ መስጠት አለበት። የ IEP ወይም የልጅዎ የልዩ ትምህርት አገልግሎቶች ተቀይረዋል ብለው ካሰቡ፣ በስምምነት የተደረጉ ማሻሻያዎችን ጨምሮ የቅርብ ጊዜውን IEP ቅጂ ዲስትሪክቱን ይጠይቁ። በ IDEA ስር፣ የትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክቶች የ IEP ስብሰባዎችን እንዲቀንሱ ይበረታታሉ።

ያለ ፍቃዴ በልጄ IEP ላይ ለውጦች ቢደረጉስ?

ስለሚያሰጋዎት ነገር ወድያውኑ ከትምህርት ቤቱ ጋር ይነጋገሩ። የ IEP ቡድኑ አባል ኖት እና ስለ ልጅዎ ልዩ የትምህርት ፕሮግራም ሁሉም የእርስዎ ውሳኔ መካተት አለበት። ከትምህርት ቤቱ ሰራተኞች ጋር መደበኛ ባልሆነ መንገድ በመነጋገር አለመስማማቶችን መፍታት የማይችሉ ከሆነ፣ ለበለጠ አማራጮች ስለክርክር አፈታት እትም ክፍል VII ን ያንብቡ።

ልጄ አንድ ጊዜ ለልዩ ትምህርት ብቁ ከሆነ በኋላ፣ ሌላ ተጨማሪ ግምገማ ይኖራል?

አዎ፣ አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች ቢያንስ በሶስት አመት አንዴ፣ እና አስፈላጊ ከሆነ በብዛት መመዘን አለባቸው። IEP በአመት አንዴ የሚገመገም ቢሆንም፣ የአካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች በብዛት ድጋሚ መመዘኛ መውሰድ አያስፈልጋቸውም። ተደጋጋሚ ግምገማዎች ቢያንስ በሶስት አመት አንዴ ይደረጋሉ። ወላጅ እና የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት የሶስት አመት ግምገማ አስፈላጊ እንዳልሆነ ሊስማሙ ይችላሉ። ሆኖም፣እነዚህ የሶስት አመት ግምገማዎች ተማሪው እንዴት እየሰራ እንደሆነ ለወላጅ እና ለትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት አስፈላጊ መረጃ ይሰጣሉ። ተማሪው ከአንደኛ ደረጃ ትምህርት ቤት እስከ ሁለተኛ ደረጃ ትምህርት ቤት የሚያጋጥመውን ለውጦች ያስቡ! ልጆዎ ድጋሚ እንዳይፈተን ከመስማማትዎ በፊት በጥንቃቄ ያስቡ ምክንያቱም ብዙ ነገሮች ባለፉት ሶስት አመታት ውስጥ ሊቀየሩ ይችላሉ። የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት የልጁ የትምህርት እና አገልግሎት ፍላጎቶች ለማረጋገጥ (ልጁ መሻሻል ያደረገባቸውን ሁኔታዎች አካትቶ) ወይም ወላጁ ወይም አስተማሪው ድጋሚ እንዲገመገም ከጠየቀ ተማሪውን በፍጥነት ግምገማውን ደግሞ ሊወስድ ይችላል። ነገር ግን፣ ወላጅ እና ዲስትሪክቱ ግምገማ አስፈላጊ እንደሆነ ካልተስማሙ በስተቀር ግምገማዎች በአመት ከአንድ ጊዜ በላይ በተደጋጋሚ ላይደረጉ ይችላሉ። የድጋሚ ግምገማ አላማዎች የሚከተሉትን ለመወሰን ነው፦

  1. ተማሪው የብቃት መስፈርቱን ማሟላት መቀጠሉን
  2. የ IEP ግቦችን ለመምታት ተጨማሪ የሚያስፈልጉ አገልግሎቶች ምን እንደሆኑ
  3. የተማሪው የአሁን የትምህርት ስኬት ደረጃዎች እና ተያያዥ ገንቢ ፍላጎቶች።

የ IEP ቡድኑ የተማሪውን የግምገማ መረጃ እና ከላይ የተዘረዘሩትን ሶስት ጉዳዮች ለመፍታት መመልከት እና ምን ተጨማሪ ምዘና አስፈላጊ ከሆነ፣ እንደሚያስፈልግ መወሰን አለበት።

ለአካል ጉዳተኛ ልጄ በእሱ ወይም በእሷ IEP የተገለጸውን አገልግሎቶች የት አገኛለሁ?

አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች በምንም ሁኔታ ሳይገደቡ መማር አለባቸው- እንዲሁም አጠቃላይ የትምህርት ክፍልንም ማለት ሊሆን ይችላል። የ IDEA ዋና መርህ አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎችን በአጠቃላይ የትምህርት ፕሮግራም ውስጥ በተቻለ መጠን ማካተት ወይም አለማስቀረት ወይም ተለይተው እንዳይማሩ ነው። አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች በምንም ሁኔታ ሳይገደቡ የመማር መብት አላቸው። ይህ ማለት የ IEP ቡድኑ ልክ አካል ጉዳተኛ ላልሆኑ ተማሪዎች ትምህርታዊ፣ ትምህርታዊ ያልሆነ፣ እና ከመደበኛ ትምህርት ውጪ የሆኑ ተግባራትን በተመሳሳይ ቅንብሮች ውስጥ ማስተማር እንዲሁም አገልግሎቶችን ለተማሪው መስጠት አለበት። አንድ አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪ ከአጠቃላይ የትምህርት ክፍል ቅንብር ሊወጣ የሚችለው ፍላጎቶቹ በጣም ከባድ ከሆኑ ወይም የሚረብሹ ከሆነ ወይም እርሱ ወይም እርሷ ተጨማሪ ድጋፍ እና አገልግሎት ቢደረግለትም፣ በትምህርቱ እድገት ማሳየት ካልቻለ ብቻ ነው። በአጠቃላይ የትምህርት ክፍል ውስጥ ያለ ድጋፍ ስኬታማ የሚሆኑት ሁሉም አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች አይደሉም። አንዳንድ ተማሪዎች በክፍል ከአስተማሪዎች የግል እርዳታ፣ ወይም የስርዓተ ትምህርት ማሻሻያ፣ ቁሳቁሶች፣ ወይም የመመሪያ ዘዴዎች ያስፈልጋቸዋል። ሌሎች ተማሪዎች እንደ ልዩ የትምህርት ቀን ወይም የቤት መመሪያ ያሉ፣ ሙሉ በሙሉ የተለየ ቅንብር ያስፈልጋቸዋል። አንዳንድ አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች በአጠቃላይ የትምህርት ቅንብር ውስጥ ሊሰጡ ከሚችሉት በላይ መሰጠት ስላለበት ሁሉም የትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት የተለያዩ የትምህርት ቅንብሮች መኖራቸውን ማረጋገጥ አለበት። ተማሪዎች ለአጠቃላይ ትምህርት ክፍል በጣም ቅርብ የሆነውን የተቀናበረ ትምህርት መማር አለባቸው፣ ነገር ግን እኛ አሁንም ተማሪው በትምህርቱ እድገት እንዲኖረው እናደርጋለን። ይህ የትምህርት ቅንብሮች ብዛት አንዳንድ ጊዜ ቀጣይነት ያለው ምደባዎች ይባላሉ እና በግራ በኩል ባለው ቻርት ላይ የተገለጹትን አማራጮች ሊያካትቱ ይችላሉ።

ልጄ IEP ቢኖረው እና በትምህርት አመቱ ዝውውር ብናደርግ ምን ሊፈጠር ይችላል?

  1. የከተማ ውስጥ ዝውውር፦አዲሱ የትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት አዲስ IEP እስከሚያወጣ ወይም የቀድሞውን በስራ ላይ እስከሚያውል ድረስ ለተማሪው ከቀድሞው ዲስትሪክት IEP ላይ ከተዘረዘሩት አገልግሎት ጋር የሚመሳሰል መስራት አለበት።
  2. ከከተማ ውጪ ዝውውር፦ በአዲሱ ከተማ ያለው አዲሱ ዲስትሪክት ለተማሪው አዲስ የ IEP መመዘኛ እስኪያዳብር ድረስ፣ በቀድሞው ዲስትሪክት IEP ከተገለጹት ጋር የሚመሳሰሉ አገልግሎቶች መስጠት፣ እና አስፈላጊ ከሆነ አዲስ IEP መስራት አለባቸው።

 

በሁለቱም ሁኔታዎች፣ አዲሱ ትምህርት ቤት የልጁን የልዩ ትምህርት መረጃዎችን በፍጥነት ለማግኘት ምክንያታዊ እርምጃዎችን መውሰድ አለበት እና የቅድሞው ትምህርት ቤት መረጃ የማግኘት ጥያቄውን ወዲያውኑ ምላሽ መስጠት አለበት።

አካል ጉዳተኛው ልጄ በበጋ የልዩ ትምህርት አገልግሎቶችን ማግኘት ይችላል?

አዎ።

  1. Extended school year (ESY፣ የተራዘመ የትምህርት ዘመን) አገልግሎቶች

የ IEP ቡድን ተማሪው ትርጉም ያለው ትምህርት እንዲያገኝ አገልግሎቶቹ አስፈላጊ መሆናቸውን ከወሰነ አካል ጉዳተኛው ተማሪ በበጋ ወቅት የልዩ ትምህርት አገልግሎቶችን ማግኘት ይችላል። ለተራዘመ የትምህርት ዘመን አገልግሎት ብቁነት በሚከተሉት ሁኔታዎች ላይ የተመሰረተ ሊሆን ይችላል።

  • ተማሪው በበጋ ወቅት ችሎታውን የማጣት እድል ካለው
  • ተማሪው የበጋ ፕሮግራም አመታዊ የ IEP ግቦችን እንዲያሳካ የሚያያስፈልግ ከሆነ
  • በባለሙያ ምክር
  • በተማሪው የትምህርት ታሪክ

ተማሪው የተራዘመ የትምህርት አመት አገልግሎት እንደሚያስፈልገው በሚወሰኑበት ጊዜ የትምህርት ዲስትሪክቶች ለ IEP ቡድኖች የሚጠቀሙባቸውን መመዘኛዎች ማዘጋጀት ይጠበቅባቸዋል። ልጅዎ የተራዘመ አመት አገልግሎት እንደሚያስፈልገው ካሰቡ፣ የዲስትሪክቱን መመዘኛ ቅጂ ይጠይቁ። የበጋ ፕሮግራሙ ከተሰጠ፣ የ IEP ግቦችን ማሟላት ይኖርበታል። በሌላ አነጋገር ለሁሉም ተማሪዎች በሚሰጡ የአጠቃላይ የበጋ ትምህርት አቅጣጫዎች ላይ መሳተፍ ብቻ በቂ ላይሆን ይችላል። የተማሪው IEP በትምህርት አመቱ አንድ-ለአንድ ረዳት ካቀረበ፣ እርሱ ወይም እርሷ የአንድ-ለአንድ ረዳት በበጋ ጊዜ እንዲሁ ሊሰጣቸው ይገባል። የተራዘመ ትምህርት ፕሮግራሙ ለተማሪው ያለምንም ክፍያ መሰጠት አለበት። ዲስትሪክቱ ለተራዘመ የትምህርት አመት አገልግሎት ብቁ ለሆነ ተማሪ የተሟላ የበጋ ፕሮግራም ከሌለው ሊያዘጋጅ ወይም ለተማሪው ከፍሎ በሌላ የትምህርት ዲስትሪክት ላይ ወይም በግል ድርጅት በሚሰጠው ፕሮግራም ላይ እንዲሳተፍ ማድረግ አለበት። ዲስትሪክቱ ለተራዘመ አመት ፕሮግራም ለመጓጓዣ እና ለሌሎች ተያያዥ ወጪዎች ክፍያ መፈጸም አለበት።

  1. የአጠቃላይ የበጋ ትምህርት እርዳታዎች እና አገልግሎቶች

አካል ጉዳተኛው ተማሪ ለ ESY አገልግሎት ብቁ ካልሆነ ነገር ግን በዲስትሪክቱ አጠቃላይ የበጋ ትምህርት ፕሮግራም ከተመዘገበ፣ ትምህርት ቤቱ እርዳታዎችን እና ልዩ መመሪያ ለተማሪው መስጠት አለበት። ልጅዎ ተጨማሪ እርዳታ ካስፈለገው በ IDEA ወይም በአንቀፅ 504 ስር ያሉትን እነዚህን አገልግሎቶች ይጠይቁ።

ልዩ የትምህርት ፕሮግራሙ ልጄን ከትምህርት ቤት ወደ የአዋቂ ህይወት ሲሽጋገር ይረዳዋል?

አዎ፣ ልዩ ትምህርት የሽግግር አገልግሎቶችን ለተማሪዎች ቢያንስ ከአስራ ስድስት አመት ጀምሮ ያቀርባል። ልዩ ትምህርት ለሁሉም አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች ለአዋቂ ህይወት የሚያዘጋጃቸውን አገልግሎት ያቀርባል። እነዚህ አገልግሎቶች፣ “የሽግግር አገልግሎቶች” ተብለው የሚጠሩት፣ከትምህርት እስከ ድህረ-ትምህርት ያሉትን እንቅስቃሴዎች ለማስተዋወቅ፣ኮሌጆችን ጨምሮ እና ሌሎች የሁለተኛ ደረጃ ድህረ-ትምህረት፣ የሙያ ስልጠና ፕሮግራሞች፣ ገለልተኛ የኑሮ ፕሮግራሞች፣ ለአዋቂዎች አገልግሎት፣ እና ለስራ ድጋፍ ተነድፈዋል። የትምህርት ዲስትሪክቶች የሽግግር እቅዶች ውጤታማ እንዲሆኑ ከመጀመሪያው IEP ብዙ ሳይቆዩ ተማሪው 16 አመት ሲሞላው ለትልልቅ ተማሪዎች መጀመር አለባቸው። ይህ ማለት ተማሪዎቹ 16 አመት ከመሙላታቸው በፊት የትምህርት ዲስትሪክቱ የሽግግር እቅዱን በአመታዊ የ IEP ስብሰባ ላይ መፍትሄ መስጠት ይኖርበታል። ሽግግሩ መፍትሄ ካገኘ በኋላ፣ IEP ከስልጠና፣ ከትምህርት፣ ከስራ ስምሪት ጋር በተያያዘ ተገቢ የሆኑ፣ ሊለኩ የሚችሉ ቀጣይ ግቦችን ማካተት አለበት፣ እና እንደ አስፈላጊነቱ ተማሪው፣ ራስን የመቻል የኑሮ ክህሎት እና የሽግግር አገልግሎቶችን፣ የጥናት አቅጣጫን ጨምሮ፣ እነዚህ ግቦች ላይ መድረስ አለበት። እነዚህ ግቦች በእድሜ አግባብ ባለው የሽግግር ግምገማ ላይ የተመሰረቱ መሆን አለባቸው። ተማሪው የሚያገኛቸው እንደዚህ የሽግግር አገልግሎት አይነቶች በእርሱ ወይም በእርሷ ፍላጎት እና ምርጫ ላይ የተመሰረቱ እና ክህሎቶቻቸውን ግምት ውስጥ ማስገባት አለባቸው።

የተተረጎመ የልጄን IEP ቅጂ ማግኘት እችላለሁ?

አዎ፣ የልጅዎን Individualized Educational Plan (IEP፣ ግላዊ የድደረገ ትምህርታዊ ዕቅድ) መረዳት እንዲችሉ ከፈለጉት የተተረጎመ ቅጂ ማግኘት መቻል አለብዎት።

በልዩ ትምህርት ህጎች መሠረት፣ ዲስትሪክቶች የልዩ ትምህርት ፈቃድ ቅጾችን እና prior written notices ቀዳሚ የጽሑፍ ማሳወቂያዎችን” መተርጎም አለባቸው። የልዩ ትምህርት ህጎቹ IEP ን እራሱ ስለመተርጎም የተለየ ነገር አይናገሩም። ነገር ግን፣ የ US Department of Education (የዩኤስ የትምህርት መምሪያ) እና US Department of Justice (የዩኤስ የፍትህ መምሪያ) Civil Rights Act (የሲቪል መብቶች ህግ) ርዕስ VI ን ለማክበር ዲስትሪክቶች የ IEP ዎችን ትርጉም ለመስጠት ዝግጁ መሆን እንዳለባቸው አብራርተዋል። የሚያብራሩት፦

በርዕስ VI መሰረት፣ የተማሪን IEP ጨምሮ፣ ሁሉም አስፈላጊ ሰነዶች ለ LEP [የተገደበ የእንግሊዝኛ ችሎታ ያለው] ወላጆች ተደራሽ መሆን አለባቸው፣ ነገር ግን ይህ ማለት ሁሉም አስፈላጊ ሰነዶች በዲስትሪክቱ ውስጥ ላሉ ቋንቋዎች መተርጎም አለባቸው ማለት አይደለም። ለምሳሌ፣ ወቅታዊ እና የተሟላ የቃል ትርጉም ወይም የአንድ አስፈላጊ ሰነድ የተተረጎመ ማጠቃለያ በአንዳንድ ሁኔታዎች ውስጥ በቂ ሊሆን ይችላል። ነገር ግን፣ አንድ ዲስትሪክት ለ IEP ትርጉም ያለው ተደራሽነት እና ከእሱ ጋር የተያያዙ የወላጅ መብቶችን ለመስጠት ወቅታዊ እና የተሟላ የተተረጎመ IEPዎችን ለማቅረብ መዘጋጀት አለበት። ይህ የሆነበት ምክንያት ወላጅ በ IEP ስብሰባ ወቅት ብቻ ሳይሆን በሁሉም የትምህርት ዓመታት የልጁን እድገት ለመከታተል እና የ IEP አገልግሎቶች መሰጠታቸውን ለማረጋገጥ ትርጉም ያለው የ IEP ተደራሽነት ማግኘት ያስፈልገዋል።

https://sites.ed.gov/idea/files/policy_speced_guid_idea_memosdcltrs_iep-translation-06-14-2016.pdf

የልጅዎን የ IEP ቡድን የተተረጎመ ቅጂ ከፈለጉ፣ በልጅዎ ትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት ውስጥ ያለውን የልዩ ትምህርት ክፍል ያነጋግሩ።  

ጥያቄዎች ወይም ስጋቶች ካሉዎት፣ እባክዎን ወደ Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO፣ ምጣኔ ሃብታዊ ዕድል ቢሮ) ይደውሉልን እና እኛ ለመርዳት መሞከር እንችላለን።

What are Accommodations and Modifications?

What are Accommodations and Modifications? stephanieP

What are Accommodations and Modifications?

Accommodations are different than modifications. While the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and its regulations do not define accommodations or modifications, there is some general agreement as to what each is, as well as the difference(s) between the two:

Accommodations are provided when the student is expected to reach the same level of proficiency as their non-disabled peers. An accommodation allows a student to complete the same assignment or test as other students, but with a change in the timing, formatting, setting, scheduling, response and/or in any significant way what the test or assignment measures. Examples of accommodations include a student who is blind taking a Braille version of a test or a student taking a test alone in a quiet room.

Examples of accommodations include a student who is blind taking a Braille version of a test or a student taking a test alone in a quiet room.

Modifications are provided when the student is NOT expected to reach the same level of proficiency as their non-disabled peers. A modification is an adjustment to an assignment or a test that changes the standard or what the test or assignment is supposed to measure. Examples of modifications include a student completing work on part of a standard or a student completing an alternate assignment that is more easily achievable than the standard assignment.

Examples of modifications include a student completing work on part of a standard or a student completing an alternate assignment that is more easily achievable than the standard assignment.

Prior Written Notice (PWN)

Prior Written Notice (PWN) stephanieP

Prior Written Notice (PWN)

Have you requested an evaluation, a re-evaluation, or a change to your child’s IEP (Individualized Education Program)?  Did you get a Prior Written Notice (PWN) in response?

This toolkit explains why PWNs are important, and what to do if you have not received one, or if a PWN has only very general information. 

Prior Written Notice (PWN):

A requirement under special education rules when a district proposes, or refuses, to initiate or change the identification, evaluation, placement or provision of “FAPE” (free appropriate public education).

A PWN is also a powerful tool to help understand what decisions have been made and why. For students who have an IEP, or might need one, there are many steps in an ongoing process of evaluation, planning and delivery of services. Having a clear written record of significant decisions and the reasons for them is critical.

A Prior Written Notice (PWN) is:

  • a written document
  • from the district, to the parents
  • provided after a decision is made, but prior to/before it is implemented
  • that is required under the special education rules
  • for decisions relating to a child’s identification, evaluation, placement or provision of special education services, including those:
    • made at an IEP meeting or
    • made by the district in response to a parent’s request.

PWNs must describe the decision made, the reasons for it, other options considered, and information relied upon to make the decision. They must also provide parents information about their rights if they do not agree with the decision.

Districts must translate PWNs into the parent’s native language, unless it is clearly not feasible to do so. 

Tip: Review the PWN attached to the Updated IEP

After your IEP meeting, look to see if there is a PWN attached to the back of the updated IEP. If it includes only very general statements, like “The team decided to update the IEP” because “it is required to be done annually,” do not hesitate to ask for a more complete PWN.

Sometimes the IEP will reflect a decision made at the meeting (for example if a team decides some specially designed instruction will shift from a resource room to a general education setting, the service matrix would be changed). However, an IEP would not reflect a request for a change that was ultimately denied. And the IEP itself doesn’t generally describe reasons why a change is made.

Without a PWN, important decisions, and reasons for them, may be lost to memory.

If you do not receive a PWN or the PWN does not reflect significant decisions an IEP team made, you can request that the district provide one. 

Didn’t get a PWN? Didn’t see a significant decision reflected in the PWN you received?

Here are three variations on sample requests for a PWN:

"Dear IEP Case manager (or special education teacher),

Thank you for talking with me about my request for __(e.g., an initial evaluation; an early re-evaluation; a Functional Behavior Assessment; other). Please provide me with a Prior Written Notice with the district’s response to this request and confirm the next steps for moving forward."

After an IEP meeting

"Dear IEP Case manager (or special education teacher),

Thank you for getting the IEP team together discuss __(e.g. request for one-on-one support; increased time in general education; concerns about behavior referrals; other). I understand the next steps will be __________. Please provide me a Prior Written Notice to reflect the team’s decision on this issue and a copy of the amended IEP (if relevant)."

For a revised PWN

"Dear IEP Case Manager,

Thank you for providing me with a copy of the updated IEP after our annual meeting. I have reviewed the IEP and the attached PWN. I noticed that the PWN does not include information regarding our discussion and conclusions relating to _(e.g. increasing/decreasing service minutes; assistive technology; other). Please provide me with a revised PWN that reflects the decision on this/these issue(s). Please be sure the entire PWN is translated into _(my native language)___."

Sincerely,

Parent

Read more about PWNs in your Special Education Notice of Procedural Safeguards and in OSPI’s Understanding PWN short guidance. Review special education rule on Prior Notice at: WAC 392-172A-05010. To see what a PWN looks like, find one on OSPI’s Model Forms for Special Education page.

Functional Behavioral Assessments and Behavior Intervention Plans (FBAs እና BIPs)

Functional Behavioral Assessments and Behavior Intervention Plans (FBAs እና BIPs) stephanieP

 

A Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)፦

  • ማለት የባህሪን ጥቅም ለመረዳት የሚያስችል የችግር መፈቻ ሂደት ነው።
  • እንደዚሁም የአንድ ተማሪ ባህሪንለመረዳት የሚያስችል የግምገማ ዓይነት ሊሆን ይችላል።

በአጠቃላይ Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA፣ ጠቃሚ የየባህሪ ለውጥ መንስኤ ግምገማ) የሚከተሉት ምልከታ እና መረጃ መሰብሰብ ላይ ማትኮርን ያካትታል፦

  • የባህሪ ለውጥ የሚከሰትበት አካባቢ፣
  • ኤ.ቢ.ሲዎች፦ መንስኤዎች (ከባህሪው ለውጥ በፊት የሚከሰቱ )፣ የባህሪ ለውጥ ራሱ እና ውጤቶቹ (ከባህሪው ለውጥ በኋላ የሚስከቱ )፣ እና
  • በባህሪው ላይ ተጽዕኖ ሊያሳድሩ የሚችሉ ሌሎች ነገሮች

FBA አንድ የባህሪ ለውጥ ለምን "ተግባር" ወይም ዓላማ ያገለግላል ወደሚል መላምት ያመራል፣ ስለዝህ በመማር ማስተማ ሂደትን በማይንጻረር መልኩ ቡድኑ ለተመሳሳይ ተግባር ወይም ፍላጐት ለማሟላት ሊያገለግሉ  የሚችሉ የባህሪዎች "ምትክ" አማራጭ   መለየት ይችላል

በFBA ውስጥ የተሰበሰበው መረጃ በአጠቃላይ Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP፣ የባህሪ ጣልቃገብነት እቅድ) ለማዘጋጀት ይጠቅማል።

ተማሪዎች በትምህርት ቤት ውስጥ የተለያዩ የባህሪ ለውጥ ያጋጥማቸዋል። በአጠቃላይ ጸጥታን ማስፈን፣ መምህሩን ማዳመጥ፣ በቀስታ መራመዱ፣ አለሮጡ፣ ድምመቀነስ እና ሌሎችን ማክበር ይጠበቅባቸዋል።

በተለያዩ ክፍሎች እና ትምህርት ቤቶች፣  የክፍል ደረጃዎች፣ ግቢዎች ውስጥ ያሉ የባህሪ ለውጦችን ለማካተት ከሞከርን ይህ ዝርዝር ማለቂያ የሌለው ሊሆን ይችላል።

ተማሪዎች ለማንበብ፣ ለመጻፍ እና ለማሰብ የመማር ዕድሎች እንደሚያስፈልጋቸው ሁሉ የባህሪ ለውጥ አጋጣሚዎችንም ለመጋፈጥ ዝግጁ መሆን ያስፈልጋቸዋል።

ያጋጠሙ የባህሪ ለውጦች ምን እንደሚመስሉ፣ የሚጠበቅባቸውን እንዴት ማሟላት እንደሚችሉ እና ለምን አስፈላጊ እንደሆኑ ለማወቅ እገዛ ያስፈልጋቸዋል። ለመለማመድ፣ ከስህተቶች ለመማር እና የሚጠበቅባቸውን በሚያሟሉበት ጊዜ አዎንታዊ ግብረ መልስ የማግኘት እገዛ ያስፈልጋቸዋል።

ትምህርት ቤቶች ስለ ባህሪ ለውጥ አጋጣሚዎች መረጃዎችን ለቤተሰቦች ሲያካፍሉ፣ ቤተሰቦች በቤት ውስጥ ትምህርቱን ለማጠናከር ሊረዱ ይችላሉ።

ተማሪው ባህሪ ለውጥ አጋጣሚዎች ለመከላከል እየተቸገረ ከሆነ፣ የመጀመሪያው እርምጃ ተማሪው የሚጠበቅበትን ነገር መረዳቱን እና የሚጠበቅበትን ነገሮች እንዴት ማሟላት እንደሚቻል ማረጋገጥ ነው።

የተማሪው የባህሪ ለውጥ በመማር ማስተማር ሂደቱ ላይ ተጽዕኖ ካሳደረ እና ችግሩን ለመፍታት ከተሞከረ በኋላ አሁንም ጣልቃ መግባቱን ከቀጠለ፣ ትምህርት ቤቶች እና ቤተሰቦች ከየት እየመጣ እንደሆነ እና ተማሪ በባህሪ ለውጥ በኩል ምን ለመናገር እየሞከረ እንደሆነ በተሻለ መጠን ለመረዳት አብረው መሥራት ይችላሉ።

የባህሪለውጥ ችግር ለመፍታት ሙከራዎች ካልተሳኩ እና ባህሪው በመማር ማስተማር ሂደቱ ላይ ተጽኖ ካሳደረ፣ የባህሪው ለውጥ “ተግባሩ” ወይም አስፈላግነትን  ለውጤታማ እና አውንታዊ ጣልቃገብነቶች ይረዳን ዘንድ Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) አስፈላጊ ሊሆን ይችላል።።

በአንዳንድ ሁኔታዎች አካል ጉዳተኛ ከሆነተማሪው ለ10 ቀናት ወይም ከዚያ በላይ ከትምህርት ቤት ከታገደ/ች ወይም ከተባረረ/ች FBA ያስፈልጋል። FBA አካል ጉዳተኛ የሆነ ወይም ያልሆነ ማንኛውንም አካል፣ ለመርዳት ጠቃሚ መሣሪያ ሊሆን ይችላል።

የልጅዎ የባህሪ ለውጦች በመማር ማስተማር ሂደቱ ላይ ተጽኖ እያሳደረ ከሆነ፣ ወደ ተደጋጋሚ የዲሲፕሊን እርምጃዎች እያመሩ ከሆነ፣ ወይም ልጅዎ በአጠቃላይ የትምህርት ሁኔታ ውስጥ ብዙ ጊዜ እንዳያገኝ የሚከለክሉት እንደሆነ ስጋት ካልብዎት፣ ት/ቤቱን FBA እንዲያደርግ እና BIP እንዲያዘጋጅ መጠየቅ ይችላሉ።

ለበለጠ መረጃ የOEOን በFBA እና BIP፣ የማረጋገጫ ዝርዝሮች ላይ በተደጋጋሚ  ለሚነሱ ጥያቄዎች ይመልከቱ፦ በFBA እና BIP ውስጥ የሚፈልጓቸው ነገሮች እና FBA ለመጠየቅ እና BIPን ለመገምገም የናሙና ደብዳቤዎች

What is a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)?

Overview:

A Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) is:

  • A problem-solving process to try to understand the functions of behavior.
  • It can also be a type of evaluation for an individual student to understand their behavior.

An FBA generally includes observation and data collection, looking at:

  • The environment where the behavior occurs;
  • The ABCs:– the Antecedents (what happens before the behavior), the Behavior itself, and the Consequences (what happens after the behavior); and
  • Other factors that may be influencing the behavior.

An FBA leads to a hypothesis about what “function” or purpose a behavior serves, so a team can identify alternative “replacement” behaviors that can serve the same function, or meet the same need, without interfering with learning.

Information gathered in the FBA is generally used to develop a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP).

More Details:

A functional behavioral assessment (an “FBA”), is a type of evaluation used by a school district to determine the cause (or “function”) of behavior.

An FBA focuses on a particular behavior of concern, or “target behavior.” Using various methods, often including observation, data collection, and interviews, the FBA tries to identify what leads to the behavior and what keeps it going. It looks at whether the current responses to the behavior are unintentionally reinforcing it. It looks at what could be appropriate, “replacement” behaviors to meet the same need, without interfering with learning. 

An FBA helps answer questions about:

  • why a behavior occurs,
  • when and where it happens,
  • what generally comes before it, and
  • what happens afterward.

That information is used to design and target positive interventions to teach and support the student in replacing inappropriate behaviors with appropriate behaviors.

Under special education rules, a parent’s consent is required for an evaluation, including an FBA.

What is this behavior communicating?

Our behaviors (what we do), can communicate a lot about what we think, feel, want or need. Exactly what a behavior is communicating is often not clear, and can be misinterpreted.

We might safely assume that a student clapping and smiling is communicating approval, and that a student shaking their head side to side is communicating “no.” 

  • What about a student crying? Is that communicating sadness? Frustration?
  • What about a student looking away and shaking their head in response to questions? Is that communicating confusion? Defiance? Exhaustion?

If we misinterpret the meaning of a behavior, our responses can be ineffective.

An FBA can help uncover the meaning(s) of a behavior that is getting in the way of learning, and effective ways to address it.    

How is an FBA different from other evaluations?

An FBA generally focuses on very specific, observable behaviors in a specific environment. An FBA considers how the environment of the classroom or other setting might be influencing a child’s behavior. 

Other types of behavior assessments, often included in comprehensive evaluations, look more broadly at a student’s behavior over time and in various settings.

In other words, an FBA generally looks specifically at behaviors that are getting in the way of learning where the child is at, and focuses on how those behaviors can best be addressed in that context.

When can I, or should I, ask for an FBA for my child?

Consider asking about an FBA if your child’s behavior appears to be interfering with your child’s own education, or with the education of others, and

  • it is not clear why the behavior is occurring; and
  • the teacher has tried different interventions to address the behavior but they haven’t been successful

Some specific examples of when you might ask about an FBA:    

  • your child’s behavior is identified as a barrier to spending more time in a general education classroom.
  • your child is sent out of the classroom frequently or for long periods of time for disruptive or inappropriate behavior;
  • your child is not participating in class or engaging with instruction on a regular basis (maybe putting their head down, falling asleep, or refusing to do work).

If you don’t know yet how often the behavior is occurring, or how frequently a child is removed from the classroom, the first step may be to ask the teacher and/or principal to start keeping track, in other words to start taking some data, on how often it is happening.

This can give you all a “baseline” or starting point, for understanding the situation.

How do I ask for an FBA for my child?

The best practice is to make a request for an FBA in writing. That can be by email, or by letter. Keep a copy for yourself. Check out the Sample Request for an FBA.

You can also make a request for an FBA in person at a meeting, or in a conversation with your child’s teacher or principal. It is important to follow up if you do not hear back about next steps, because sometimes verbal requests get lost in the busy day to day of school.

If you make the request for an FBA at an IEP meeting, be sure to check to see that the request and the team’s response to it is reflected in a Prior Written Notice (PWN) after the meeting. The Prior Written Notices help you and the others on your child’s IEP team keep track of important requests and decisions.

Who do I ask for an FBA?

There's no single right answer, but here are places to start:

  • If your child has an IEP, ask the IEP Case Manager or Special Education teacher
  • If your child has a 504 plan, ask the teacher and/or school counselor
  • If your child doesn't have an IEP or 504 plan, ask the teacher, school counselor and/or principal

What if I get no response?

If you make a request for an FBA and do not hear back in a few days, start by following up with the same person by email or phone.

If you still do not hear back, consider elevating the request to the principal, a school psychologist or a district special education supervisor.

What if the school says "No" to my request for an FBA?

If the initial response to a request for an FBA is “no,” consider requesting a meeting to discuss it.  At the meeting, be ready to share the reasons why you are requesting the FBA, and to listen to understand why the school or other team members think an FBA is not necessary.

Before the meeting, ask the school to gather information in order to share an update regarding your child’s recent behavior.

  • If your child has been removed from the classroom for behavior, ask the team to keep track of each time the student is removed, what it was for and how long it lasted; 
  • If you are concerned your child has been avoiding work, ask if the teacher or another team member could take some informal data or notes and report back regarding how often, for how long your child appears to be disengaged or off-task.  

After getting additional information, if it appears that a pattern of behavior is disrupting your child’s learning, you can ask the team to consider the request for an FBA again. If the school does not see a pattern of problem behavior, or believes there are additional interventions they can try first, ask to set a date to check in again to review how things are going. Set yourself a reminder to check in again in a month or two to see how things are going. 

If your child has an IEP, after the team has a chance to discuss and make a decision, be sure you check for a Prior Written Notice (PWN) documenting the decision and reasons for it. 

If you still disagree with the decision, and want to understand options for dispute resolution for students receiving or eligible for special education services, take a look at OEO’s Parent Guide on Protecting the Educational Rights of Students with Disabilities in Public Schools, and our Toolkit on Prior Written Notice.

FBAs and Discipline - When is an FBA required?

An FBA is sometimes required for students who have an IEP (Individualized Education Program), if the student is suspended or expelled for more than 10 school days. Specifically, a school is required to do an FBA and develop a BIP for any student who has an IEP if:

  • the student is suspended or expelled; and
  • the suspension or expulsion will be for more than 10 days; and
  • in making a manifestation determination, members of the child’s IEP team, including the parents, determine that the behavior that led to the suspension or expulsion was a “manifestation” of the disability – that is, it was caused by or had a direct and substantial relationship to the child’s disability.

This also applies if the student has been suspended or expelled several different times for shorter periods (less than 10 days), but the multiple suspensions or expulsions make a pattern that adds up to more than 10 days.

If a student’s behavior is determined not to be a manifestation of the disability, the rules recommend that the team do an FBA and develop a BIP to avoid similar behaviors from happening again.

You can find the details about requirements for FBAs for students with IEPs in the special education regulations, at in WAC Chapter 392-172A, available online at: https://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=392-172a&full=true.

To read more about discipline requirements for students who have an IEP, or meet the requirements for an IEP but have not yet been evaluated, see OEO’s Parent Guide on Protecting the Educational Rights of Students with Disabilities in Public Schools and OSPI’s Technical Assistance Paper No. 2 (TAP 2).

Who completes the FBA?

School districts generally decide which staff they will assign to complete FBAs. It might be a school psychologist, a behavior specialist, or a special education teacher. Often, the process starts with a team discussion about which behavior is the greatest concern, who will observe the student in order to take data about that behavior, and when and in what settings they will take the data.

Special education rules require that evaluations be completed by a person with the necessary experience and qualifications. The more complicated the behavior, the more likely it is that a specialist may be needed to help understand the functions of the behavior and identify effective interventions.

Are FBAs and BIPs only for students with IEPs or only certain kinds of IEPs?

No. Functional Behavior Assessments are a tool that schools and families can use to help understand and address challenging behaviors for any student.

The use of FBAs might be most familiar for students with IEPs because in some cases they are required (see the section on discipline). Also, special education rules require that IEP teams consider the use of “positive behavioral interventions and supports and other strategies” for any child with an IEP whose behavior is getting in the way of that own child’s learning, or of other students’ learning.  Developing an effective behavior intervention plan depends on first developing a good understanding of why the behavior is occurring, and that is what an FBA can do.

Can I request an Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE) if I disagree with the district’s FBA?

Yes, if it was for a child with an IEP.  Under special education rules, each time a district does an evaluation, if a parent disagrees with the results, the parent can request an Independent Educational Evaluation at district expense. An FBA that looks at an individual’s child’s behavior is a type of evaluation, so if a parent disagrees with the results, the parent can request an IEE at public expense.The district either can agree, or must initiate a due process hearing to defend its own evaluation. For details on IEEs, see: OEO’s Parent Guide on Protecting the Educational Rights of Students with Disabilities in Public Schools and OSPI’s Special Education page on Guidance for Families.

 

What is a Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP)?

Washington state’s special education rules define a Behavioral Intervention Plan, or BIP, as a plan that is incorporated into a child’s IEP if the team determines it is necessary, and that describes, at a minimum:

  • The pattern of behavior that is impeding (getting in the way of) the student’s learning or others;
  • The instructional and/or environmental conditions or circumstances that contribute to that pattern of behavior
  • The positive behavioral interventions and supports to:
    • reduce the behavior that is getting in the way of learning and increase desired prosocial behaviors and
    • ensure the plan is implemented consistently across the student’s school day, including classes and activities; and
  • The skills that will be taught and monitored as alternatives to the challenging behavior.

Most importantly, BIPs should describe an alternative behavior that the student will be taught to replace the inappropriate behavior – this is often called a “replacement behavior.”

The plan should identify what replacement behavior will be taught, how it will be taught, and who is responsible for teaching it to the student.

The plan should identify strategies and instruction that will

  • provide alternatives to challenging behaviors,
  • reinforce desired behaviors, and
  • reduce or eliminate the frequency and severity of challenging behaviors.

Positive behavioral interventions include the consideration of environmental factors that may trigger challenging behaviors and teaching your student the skills to manage her or his own behavior.

What do we mean by "Behavior"?

Behavior is everything we do – it can be words, actions, gestures or a combination of those. Behaviors can be observed; they can be seen or heard. 

Disruptive or “externalizing” behaviors, such has yelling, hitting, or breaking things, often draw the most attention, and discipline.

Other behaviors that are less obvious or disruptive to others can still be significant and interfere with a student’s own learning, like avoiding class or peer interactions, or engaging in self-harm.

If the behavior is persistent and is interfering with learning, you can ask about doing an FBA and developing a BIP to address it.

What is a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)?

What is a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)?

Overview:

A Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) is:

  • A problem-solving process to try to understand the functions of behavior.
  • It can also be a type of evaluation for an individual student to understand their behavior.

An FBA generally includes observation and data collection, looking at:

  • The environment where the behavior occurs;
  • The ABCs:– the Antecedents (what happens before the behavior), the Behavior itself, and the Consequences (what happens after the behavior); and
  • Other factors that may be influencing the behavior.

An FBA leads to a hypothesis about what “function” or purpose a behavior serves, so a team can identify alternative “replacement” behaviors that can serve the same function, or meet the same need, without interfering with learning.

Information gathered in the FBA is generally used to develop a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP).

More Details:

A functional behavioral assessment (an “FBA”), is a type of evaluation used by a school district to determine the cause (or “function”) of behavior.

An FBA focuses on a particular behavior of concern, or “target behavior.” Using various methods, often including observation, data collection, and interviews, the FBA tries to identify what leads to the behavior and what keeps it going. It looks at whether the current responses to the behavior are unintentionally reinforcing it. It looks at what could be appropriate, “replacement” behaviors to meet the same need, without interfering with learning. 

An FBA helps answer questions about:

  • why a behavior occurs,
  • when and where it happens,
  • what generally comes before it, and
  • what happens afterward.

That information is used to design and target positive interventions to teach and support the student in replacing inappropriate behaviors with appropriate behaviors.

Under special education rules, a parent’s consent is required for an evaluation, including an FBA.

stephanieP

What is this behavior communicating?

What is this behavior communicating?

Our behaviors (what we do), can communicate a lot about what we think, feel, want or need. Exactly what a behavior is communicating is often not clear, and can be misinterpreted.

We might safely assume that a student clapping and smiling is communicating approval, and that a student shaking their head side to side is communicating “no.” 

  • What about a student crying? Is that communicating sadness? Frustration?
  • What about a student looking away and shaking their head in response to questions? Is that communicating confusion? Defiance? Exhaustion?

If we misinterpret the meaning of a behavior, our responses can be ineffective.

An FBA can help uncover the meaning(s) of a behavior that is getting in the way of learning, and effective ways to address it.    

stephanieP

How is an FBA different from other evaluations?

How is an FBA different from other evaluations?

An FBA generally focuses on very specific, observable behaviors in a specific environment. An FBA considers how the environment of the classroom or other setting might be influencing a child’s behavior. 

Other types of behavior assessments, often included in comprehensive evaluations, look more broadly at a student’s behavior over time and in various settings.

In other words, an FBA generally looks specifically at behaviors that are getting in the way of learning where the child is at, and focuses on how those behaviors can best be addressed in that context.

stephanieP

When can I, or should I, ask for an FBA for my child?

When can I, or should I, ask for an FBA for my child?

Consider asking about an FBA if your child’s behavior appears to be interfering with your child’s own education, or with the education of others, and

  • it is not clear why the behavior is occurring; and
  • the teacher has tried different interventions to address the behavior but they haven’t been successful

Some specific examples of when you might ask about an FBA:    

  • your child’s behavior is identified as a barrier to spending more time in a general education classroom.
  • your child is sent out of the classroom frequently or for long periods of time for disruptive or inappropriate behavior;
  • your child is not participating in class or engaging with instruction on a regular basis (maybe putting their head down, falling asleep, or refusing to do work).

If you don’t know yet how often the behavior is occurring, or how frequently a child is removed from the classroom, the first step may be to ask the teacher and/or principal to start keeping track, in other words to start taking some data, on how often it is happening.

This can give you all a “baseline” or starting point, for understanding the situation.

stephanieP

How do I ask for an FBA for my child?

How do I ask for an FBA for my child?

The best practice is to make a request for an FBA in writing. That can be by email, or by letter. Keep a copy for yourself. Check out the Sample Request for an FBA.

You can also make a request for an FBA in person at a meeting, or in a conversation with your child’s teacher or principal. It is important to follow up if you do not hear back about next steps, because sometimes verbal requests get lost in the busy day to day of school.

If you make the request for an FBA at an IEP meeting, be sure to check to see that the request and the team’s response to it is reflected in a Prior Written Notice (PWN) after the meeting. The Prior Written Notices help you and the others on your child’s IEP team keep track of important requests and decisions.

stephanieP

Who do I ask for an FBA?

Who do I ask for an FBA?

There's no single right answer, but here are places to start:

  • If your child has an IEP, ask the IEP Case Manager or Special Education teacher
  • If your child has a 504 plan, ask the teacher and/or school counselor
  • If your child doesn't have an IEP or 504 plan, ask the teacher, school counselor and/or principal

What if I get no response?

If you make a request for an FBA and do not hear back in a few days, start by following up with the same person by email or phone.

If you still do not hear back, consider elevating the request to the principal, a school psychologist or a district special education supervisor.

stephanieP

What if the school says "No" to my request for an FBA?

What if the school says "No" to my request for an FBA?

If the initial response to a request for an FBA is “no,” consider requesting a meeting to discuss it.  At the meeting, be ready to share the reasons why you are requesting the FBA, and to listen to understand why the school or other team members think an FBA is not necessary.

Before the meeting, ask the school to gather information in order to share an update regarding your child’s recent behavior.

  • If your child has been removed from the classroom for behavior, ask the team to keep track of each time the student is removed, what it was for and how long it lasted; 
  • If you are concerned your child has been avoiding work, ask if the teacher or another team member could take some informal data or notes and report back regarding how often, for how long your child appears to be disengaged or off-task.  

After getting additional information, if it appears that a pattern of behavior is disrupting your child’s learning, you can ask the team to consider the request for an FBA again. If the school does not see a pattern of problem behavior, or believes there are additional interventions they can try first, ask to set a date to check in again to review how things are going. Set yourself a reminder to check in again in a month or two to see how things are going. 

If your child has an IEP, after the team has a chance to discuss and make a decision, be sure you check for a Prior Written Notice (PWN) documenting the decision and reasons for it. 

If you still disagree with the decision, and want to understand options for dispute resolution for students receiving or eligible for special education services, take a look at OEO’s Parent Guide on Protecting the Educational Rights of Students with Disabilities in Public Schools, and our Toolkit on Prior Written Notice.

stephanieP

FBAs and Discipline - When is an FBA required?

FBAs and Discipline - When is an FBA required?

An FBA is sometimes required for students who have an IEP (Individualized Education Program), if the student is suspended or expelled for more than 10 school days. Specifically, a school is required to do an FBA and develop a BIP for any student who has an IEP if:

  • the student is suspended or expelled; and
  • the suspension or expulsion will be for more than 10 days; and
  • in making a manifestation determination, members of the child’s IEP team, including the parents, determine that the behavior that led to the suspension or expulsion was a “manifestation” of the disability – that is, it was caused by or had a direct and substantial relationship to the child’s disability.

This also applies if the student has been suspended or expelled several different times for shorter periods (less than 10 days), but the multiple suspensions or expulsions make a pattern that adds up to more than 10 days.

If a student’s behavior is determined not to be a manifestation of the disability, the rules recommend that the team do an FBA and develop a BIP to avoid similar behaviors from happening again.

You can find the details about requirements for FBAs for students with IEPs in the special education regulations, at in WAC Chapter 392-172A, available online at: https://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=392-172a&full=true.

To read more about discipline requirements for students who have an IEP, or meet the requirements for an IEP but have not yet been evaluated, see OEO’s Parent Guide on Protecting the Educational Rights of Students with Disabilities in Public Schools and OSPI’s Technical Assistance Paper No. 2 (TAP 2).

stephanieP

Who completes the FBA?

Who completes the FBA?

School districts generally decide which staff they will assign to complete FBAs. It might be a school psychologist, a behavior specialist, or a special education teacher. Often, the process starts with a team discussion about which behavior is the greatest concern, who will observe the student in order to take data about that behavior, and when and in what settings they will take the data.

Special education rules require that evaluations be completed by a person with the necessary experience and qualifications. The more complicated the behavior, the more likely it is that a specialist may be needed to help understand the functions of the behavior and identify effective interventions.

stephanieP

Are FBAs and BIPs only for students with IEPs or only certain kinds of IEPs?

Are FBAs and BIPs only for students with IEPs or only certain kinds of IEPs?

No. Functional Behavior Assessments are a tool that schools and families can use to help understand and address challenging behaviors for any student.

The use of FBAs might be most familiar for students with IEPs because in some cases they are required (see the section on discipline). Also, special education rules require that IEP teams consider the use of “positive behavioral interventions and supports and other strategies” for any child with an IEP whose behavior is getting in the way of that own child’s learning, or of other students’ learning.  Developing an effective behavior intervention plan depends on first developing a good understanding of why the behavior is occurring, and that is what an FBA can do.

stephanieP

Can I request an Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE) if I disagree with the district’s FBA?

Can I request an Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE) if I disagree with the district’s FBA?

Yes, if it was for a child with an IEP.  Under special education rules, each time a district does an evaluation, if a parent disagrees with the results, the parent can request an Independent Educational Evaluation at district expense. An FBA that looks at an individual’s child’s behavior is a type of evaluation, so if a parent disagrees with the results, the parent can request an IEE at public expense.The district either can agree, or must initiate a due process hearing to defend its own evaluation. For details on IEEs, see: OEO’s Parent Guide on Protecting the Educational Rights of Students with Disabilities in Public Schools and OSPI’s Special Education page on Guidance for Families.

 

stephanieP

What is a Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP)?

What is a Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP)?

Washington state’s special education rules define a Behavioral Intervention Plan, or BIP, as a plan that is incorporated into a child’s IEP if the team determines it is necessary, and that describes, at a minimum:

  • The pattern of behavior that is impeding (getting in the way of) the student’s learning or others;
  • The instructional and/or environmental conditions or circumstances that contribute to that pattern of behavior
  • The positive behavioral interventions and supports to:
    • reduce the behavior that is getting in the way of learning and increase desired prosocial behaviors and
    • ensure the plan is implemented consistently across the student’s school day, including classes and activities; and
  • The skills that will be taught and monitored as alternatives to the challenging behavior.

Most importantly, BIPs should describe an alternative behavior that the student will be taught to replace the inappropriate behavior – this is often called a “replacement behavior.”

The plan should identify what replacement behavior will be taught, how it will be taught, and who is responsible for teaching it to the student.

The plan should identify strategies and instruction that will

  • provide alternatives to challenging behaviors,
  • reinforce desired behaviors, and
  • reduce or eliminate the frequency and severity of challenging behaviors.

Positive behavioral interventions include the consideration of environmental factors that may trigger challenging behaviors and teaching your student the skills to manage her or his own behavior.

What do we mean by "Behavior"?

Behavior is everything we do – it can be words, actions, gestures or a combination of those. Behaviors can be observed; they can be seen or heard. 

Disruptive or “externalizing” behaviors, such has yelling, hitting, or breaking things, often draw the most attention, and discipline.

Other behaviors that are less obvious or disruptive to others can still be significant and interfere with a student’s own learning, like avoiding class or peer interactions, or engaging in self-harm.

If the behavior is persistent and is interfering with learning, you can ask about doing an FBA and developing a BIP to address it.

stephanieP

What if my child already has a BIP but is still struggling with behavior?

What if my child already has a BIP but is still struggling with behavior?

If a child’s behaviors continue even after a BIP has been developed and implemented, or if new challenging behaviors start, consider asking for a meeting to review the current plan and consider next steps.

Before the meeting, you can ask the team working with your child to share the data collected under the current behavior plan. As the team reviews the most recent data regarding your child’s behavior, you can consider whether:

  • There is enough information to make changes to the current BIP and continue to track progress; or
  • The team needs updated information about the possible purposes and triggers of your child’s behavior.

If new, updated information is needed, a new FBA can be done to help design an updated BIP.

Generally, new behavioral interventions will take time to show results, and the team may want to allow at least six weeks or a month and a half to give your child time to learn the new expected behavior.

stephanieP

Where can I learn more about FBAs and BIPs?

Where can I learn more about FBAs and BIPs?

Washington State Special Education Rules (the WACs):

https://apps.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=392-172A&full=true

OSPI (Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction):

Guidance for Families re Behavior and Discipline:

https://ospi.k12.wa.us/student-success/special-education/family-engagement-and-guidance/behavior-and-discipline

Model State Forms for Special Education, including FBAs and BIPs:

https://ospi.k12.wa.us/student-success/special-education/program-improvement/model-forms-services-students-special-education

U.S. Department of Education Dear Colleague Letter

Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports in IEPs, August 1, 2016:

https://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/school-discipline/files/dcl-on-pbis-in-ieps--08-01-2016.pdf

stephanieP

Checklist: What things should I look for in an FBA?

Checklist: What things should I look for in an FBA?

Things to look for in an FBA

  • Does it define a specific behavior that is observable and measurable
    • Can you picture it in your mind?
    • Would a stranger imagine the same behavior if they read the description?
    • If it says something general like “disruptive behavior” – ask for a more concrete, specific definition. (see examples below)
  • Does it explain how often, when and where that behavior occurs?
    • Is there recent data showing how often it has been happening?
    • Does the information describe how often and when the behavior is occurring in your child’s current placement or setting?  (if the placement has changed since the FBA was completed, a new look may be needed).
  • Does it consider environmental factors?
    • ​​​​​​​Does it consider how the dynamics of the classroom, hallways, lunchroom, gym or recess might influence the behavior?
    • ​​​​​​​Does it consider how instruction – both what is taught and how it is taught – might influence the behavior? 
    • ​​​​​​​Does it consider how interaction with peers or adults might influence the behavior?
  • Does it reflect information you have been able to share regarding your child’s behavior, including:
    • ​​​​​​​Whether/when/how often the behaviors that occur in the classroom or at school also happen in other settings;
    • ​​​​​​​What you have observed regarding what seems to trigger inappropriate behaviors; and
    • ​​​​​​​What you have found seems to be successful in calming, redirecting or motivating your child.
  • Does it take into account information about your child’s mental health? Or experience with trauma, if that is relevant?
  • Does it include a suggestion about the purpose of the behavior that makes sense in light of the data?

Examples: General versus Concrete or Specific Behaviors

Examples: General Examples: Concrete, Specific
Aggressive behavior Hitting, biting, kicking, pinching (self, adults, or other students), etc.
Self-injurious behavior Hitting head, biting fingers, scratching, etc.
Disruptive behavior Blurting out in class, making noises, slamming door, etc.
Time off task Sleeping, walking around classroom, throwing or dropping papers, pencils, etc.
stephanieP

Checklist: What should I look for in a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)?

Checklist: What should I look for in a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)?

Things to look for in a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)

  • Does it describe a specific behavior that the team is going to work on reducing?
  • Does it describe a specific, appropriate alternative or “replacement” behavior that the team is going to help your child learn and practice?
  • Does it explain to adults working with your child what they can do in order to avoid things that trigger your child’s inappropriate behavior?
  • Does it describe warning signs that might mean your child is getting upset?
  • Does it explain to adults working with your child what they can do to help your child feel safe and de-escalate if they get upset?
  • Does it describe a set of things that your child likes that can be used to reinforce and reward your child for positive behavior? 
  • Does it include a plan to taking data to see how the interventions are working?    
stephanieP

Sample Letter: How do I request a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?

Sample Letter: How do I request a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?

Request for a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)

Date:

Dear IEP Case Manager/Special Education Teacher or Principal 

Re: Request for FBA

I am requesting a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) for my child.[Add child's full name]

I am concerned that my child’s behavior is interfering with their education. [Add more detail here, for example: they are not making progress on IEP goals or it is keeping them from spending more time in general education.]

I am also requesting an IEP team (or 504 team) meeting to discuss a plan for the FBA. [Make a note here if there are specific people you want to have at the meeting. For example: I would like the school psychologist or a district behavior specialist to attend the meeting.] 

I can meet on: _______________[Add dates/times].

I look forward to your response. 

Sincerely,

__________________________________

(Signature)

stephanieP

Sample Letter: How do I request a review of a Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP)?

Sample Letter: How do I request a review of a Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP)?

Request for Review of a Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP)

Date:

Dear IEP Case Manager/Special Education Teacher

Re: Request for Meeting to Review My Child’s Behavior Plan

I am requesting an IEP team (504 team) meeting to review my child’s Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP).

At the meeting, I hope we can review recent behavior data and talk about how the plan is working.

At least a few days before the meeting, please send me copies of the data collected over the past (months/weeks/year) relating to the behavior plan. 

I can meet on: __________ [dates/times].

I look forward to your response.

Sincerely,

__________________________________

(Signature)

stephanieP

School Discipline Rules for Students with Disabilities

School Discipline Rules for Students with Disabilities stephanieP

School Discipline Rules for Students with Disabilities

The Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) filed emergency rules clarifying and updating Chapter 392-400 WAC Student Discipline (see OSPI Rulemaking Activity website). OSPI plans to also conduct permanent rulemaking concerning Student Discipline. The emergency rules are effective immediately and the permanent rules are anticipated to be in effect by the 2025–26 school year. Read more: New Emergency Discipline Rules From OSPI Now In Effect.

In 2016, major changes were made to school discipline law in Washington state that apply to all

public school students. The changes include:

  • new limits on the maximum length of suspensions and expulsions;
  • new limits on the reasons students can be suspended or expelled for more than 10 school days;
  • new requirements for districts to provide educational services during any suspensions or expulsions; and
  • new requirements for culturally responsive and culturally sensitive re-engagement meetings.

Students with disabilities are protected by these new changes, in addition to the protections in special education rules.

When can students be suspended or expelled for more than 10 school days?

Under special education rules, except in special circumstances, schools may not suspend or expel a student with disabilities for more than 10 school days if the conduct was a “manifestation” of the student’s disability or was due to the district’s failure to implement the IEP. Now, under discipline rules that apply to ALL students, schools may not suspend or expel ANY student for more than 10 school days unless the conduct fits within one of 4 categories of “non-discretionary offenses.”

Those categories include:

  1. A violation of the prohibition against firearms on school premises, transportation, or facilities;
  2. Certain violent offenses, sex offenses, offenses related to liquor, controlled substances, toxic inhalants, certain crimes related to firearms, assault, kidnapping, harassment, and arson;
  3. Two or more violations within a three-year period of criminal gang intimidation or other gang activity on school grounds, possessing dangerous weapons on school facilities, willfully disobeying school administrators or refusing to leave public property, or defacing or injuring school property; or
  4. Behavior that adversely impacts the health or safety of other students or educational staff.

If the student’s conduct does not fall within one of those categories, the student MAY NOT be suspended or expelled for more than 10 school days.

When does a district have to provide Educational Services?

Under special education rules, if a student with an IEP is removed for more than 10 school days for disciplinary reasons, the district must provide educational services in an “Interim Alternative Education Setting.” The services must allow the student to continue to make progress on their IEP goals and to continue participating in the general education curriculum. The setting is determined by the IEP team. Under the new discipline rules, now, ALL students must have an opportunity to access educational services during ANY suspension or expulsion, even if it is less than 10 school days.

What kind of meeting is required when a student is suspended for more than 10 days?

When a student is suspended or expelled for more than 10 school days, the school must invite the family and the student to a RE-ENGAGEMENT meeting to develop a plan to support the student’s successful return to school. Families must have an opportunity to give meaningful input to the plan. Re- engagement plans must be culturally sensitive and culturally responsive. A re-engagement meeting must be held either:

  • Within 20 days of the start of the suspension or expulsion if it is for longer than 20 days; or
  • No later than 5 days before the student will return to school if the suspension or expulsion is less than 20 days.

Where you can have an impact:

  • Ask the school how you can get educational services started right away, even if the student will not be out for more than 10 school days.
  • Review the list of “non-discretionary offenses” and consider whether a long-term suspension or expulsion is permitted for the kind of conduct involved.
  • If the student will be out for more than 10 school days, talk with the school and district about planning in advance for the student’s re-engagement with school.
  • Remember, students with disabilities and their parents have the same rights to appeal suspensions or expulsions as any student. The protections in special education rules are in addition to those basic rights.

For more information about re-engagement meetings, and to find tips for families, check out OEO’s webpage on Suspensions, Expulsions and Discipline: https://www.oeo.wa.gov/en/education-issues/discipline-suspensions-and-expulsions.

Steps that Schools Must Take to Discipline Students with Disabilities

What is a school district supposed to do if my student with a disability breaks a school rule that would normally require suspension for more than 10 school days or an expulsion?

  1. Give notice.
  2. Have a manifestation determination meeting.
  3. Look at the behavior and develop a functional behavior plan.

A change in placement occurs when a student who receives special education services is removed from school for a period of more than 10 school days in a row or experiences a pattern of shorter removals that over time exceed 10 school days. Long term suspensions and expulsions are considered a change of placement. If the district wants to order a change of placement for a student receiving special education services, it must follow the steps outlined above before the change can be implemented. School district staff may consider any unique circumstances on a case-by-case basis when deciding whether to order a change in placement for a student with a disability who violates a code of conduct.

What notice is required when a school district wants to remove my student with disabilities from school for any period of time?

The school district must give written notice of the decision to remove the student AND describe the procedural protections available.

Notice must be given no later than the date that the decision to remove the student is made. The law says the written notice must be given to parents of the disciplined student.

What is a manifestation determination and why is it important when my student who receives special education services gets disciplined at school?

A manifestation determination is what a district must do when a student is facing a suspension or expulsion for more than 10 school days. The manifestation determination requires the school district, the parent and relevant members of the student’s IEP Team to meet and consider whether the student’s behavior is related to their disability.

This meeting has huge consequences for a student and the stability of the student’s educational placement.

If there is a relationship between the disability and the behavior, then the student cannot be punished, and several things must happen. The student must be allowed to return to the educational placement that he or she attended prior to the disciplinary removal unless special circumstances (described below) exist or unless the parent and the district agree otherwise. In addition, the student must receive a functional behavior assessment and behavior intervention plan or have their existing plan reviewed and modified, as necessary, to address the behavior.

If it is determined that there is no relationship between the disability and the behavior, then the disciplinary procedures concerning non-disabled students can be applied, and the student can be suspended or expelled. However, the school 1) must provide educational services to the student, although services may be provided in an interim alternative educational setting and 2) perform, as appropriate, a functional behavior assessment and develop a behavior intervention plan.

See “Weapons, Drugs, Serious Bodily Injury, Dangerous Behavior and Interim Alternative Educational Settings” below for information on special circumstances when a student can be removed from their educational placement even if it is decided at a manifestation determination meeting that the student’s behavior was related to their disability.

Where you can have an impact

Act quickly if your student is excluded from school. It may be several days before you receive notice or information about why they are not allowed to return.

Be sure to contact the person in charge of discipline and let them know that your student has a disability.

If the school proposes to keep your student out of school for more than ten school days, it is important that the school district is quick to schedule a meeting regarding the behavior and its relationship to your student’s disability.

Monitoring discipline issues and being aware of the rights of students with disabilities will reduce the number of days your student is without educational services.

Bring the needs of your student to the attention of school district administration. If you think that the school administration is not listening to you, call the district’s Director of Special Education.

Ask for an IEP or 504 meeting.

Ask that educational services be provided during the period of exclusion.

When does the manifestation determination meeting have to take place?

The manifestation determination must take place immediately, if possible, but in no case later than 10 school days after the date the district decides to change the placement of the student for disciplinary reasons.

Who is a part of the manifestation determination meeting?

The district, the parents and relevant members of the IEP Team.

IDEA says the manifestation determination team consists of the parent and those members of the IEP Team the parents and school district determine to be relevant to the decision making, implying not all IEP Team members need to be present. Note you can always ask for certain members to be present if you think the information they have will be valuable to the manifestation determination process.

Throughout this publication, we will refer to the team that makes decisions at a manifestation determination meeting as the “manifestation determination team.” If we are referring to situations where the full IEP Team is present, we will indicate “IEP Team.”

What does the manifestation determination team consider when conducting the manifestation determination?

The manifestation determination team must take into consideration all relevant information.

The manifestation determination team must consider:

  • Evaluation and diagnostic results, including those provided by the parents of the student
  • Observations of the student
  • The student’s individualized education program.

What questions must the manifestation determination team ask as part of the manifestation determination?

Under IDEA and state special education law, the manifestation determination team must ask:

  1. Was the student’s conduct caused by, or did it have a direct and substantial relationship to, the student’s disability?
  2. Was the conduct the direct result of the school district’s failure to implement the current IEP?

If after consideration the manifestation determination team determines that the answer is “YES” to either of the above questions, then the behavior must be considered a manifestation of the student’s disability and the discipline cannot be imposed. The student must be allowed to return to the educational placement they attended prior to the disciplinary removal unless special circumstances exist or unless the parent and the district agree otherwise. If it is determined the student’s behavior was the direct result of the district’s failure to implement the student’s IEP, the district must take immediate steps to ensure the IEP is implemented.

In some cases, a student may be acting out because the services or programs outlined in the IEP are inappropriate, even though the IEP is being implemented. IDEA does not prevent the parents or advocate from also asking that the manifestation determination team consider whether the IEP was appropriate at the time the behavior occurred. In addition, you can always ask for another meeting with the IEP Team and request that the IEP Team change the IEP or your student’s placement because your student needs additional services or a different educational setting to be successful.

Weapons, Drugs, Serious Bodily Injury, Dangerous Behavior, and Interim Alternative Educational Settings

There are four special circumstances in which a student receiving special education services can be removed from their current placement immediately, and for up to 45 school days regardless of whether the behavior was a manifestation of the student’s disability. They include when the disciplinary incident involves weapons, drugs or serious bodily injury.

The district can ask a judge to order the student removed for up to 45 school days.

No matter how or why the student is removed from school, students who receive special education services must continue to get educational services in an alternative setting. This alternative setting is called an interim alternative education setting or IAES. The IEP Team determines the interim setting.

Guns/weapons

District may remove student to an IAES for up to 45 school days

Drugs

District may remove student to an IAES for up to 45 school days

Serious Bodily Injury

District may remove student to an IAES for up to 45 school days

Dangerous Behavior

District may ask a judge to remove a student to an IAES for up to 45 school days

What can happen to a student who receives special education services if the student brings a weapon to school?

A district can remove a student to another educational setting for up to 45 school days if the student possesses a weapon or carries a weapon to school or to a school function. “Weapon” means a weapon, device, material, or substance, or animate or inanimate instrument that is used for, or is readily capable of, causing death or serious bodily injury. A weapon does not include a pocketknife with a blade of less 2 ½ inches long. Note: this is a different definition of weapon than the definition used in general education discipline laws and regulations.

What can happen to a student receiving special education services who has, uses, or sells drugs at school?

A district can remove the student to another educational setting for up to 45 school days if the student knowingly possesses or uses illegal drugs or sells or solicits the sale of a controlled substance while at school or a school function.

What can happen to a student receiving special education services who causes serious bodily harm to another person?

IDEA added a fourth category of misconduct which could lead a school to remove a student receiving special education services to an IAES. A district can remove a student to another educational setting for up to 45 school days if the student has inflicted serious bodily injury on another person while at school or at a school function. “Serious bodily injury” means bodily injury which involves:

  1. a substantial risk of death,
  2. extreme physical pain,
  3. protracted and obvious disfigurement or,
  4. protracted loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member, organ or mental faculty.

What can a district do when it believes a student’s behavior is dangerous?

The district’s authority to automatically remove a student to an Interim Alternative Educational Setting (IAES) is limited to situations where there are drugs, weapons or serious bodily injury involved. If the district believes a student is engaging in dangerous behavior for another reason and wants to remove the student from the current special education program, the school needs to request a due process hearing and ask the hearing officer to order the student to an IAES for up to 45 school days. A hearing officer has the authority to change a student’s placement for 45 school days if maintaining the current placement is substantially likely to result in injury to the student or to others.

If the school district is successful in getting the hearing officer to order the student out of school, the district still has a responsibility to provide the student with an education.

Where you can have an impact

Review the IEP. Consider whether the proposed 45-day placement is a setting that can meet your student’s needs. If not, ask the IEP Team to consider additional services or a different setting.

Limitations on Discipline and Removal of Students with Disabilities

When considering whether to discipline a student with a disability, a district must first comply with the steps outlined in the previous section— notice, manifestation determination and examination of the functional behavior. If the relevant members of the IEP Team decide the behavior was not a manifestation of the disability, the district may proceed with disciplining the student. But there are limitations on how the district can discipline students receiving special education services.

How long can a student receiving special education services be removed from school without educational services?

See important changes in discipline laws at the start of this web page.

Schools can order removals of less than 10 school days in the same school year for separate incidents of misconduct if the removals do not constitute a pattern of exclusion which is a change of placement and needs to be addressed through the IEP process. A series of removals—one day here, another day there—can be a pattern the IEP needs to address. To determine whether a series of removals is a pattern, consider the length of removals, the total amount of time, the proximity of one to the other, and the reason for the removals.

What educational services should be provided to a student who receives special education services if the student is removed from school for more than 10 school days in the same school year?

The school must continue to provide the services and program described in the student’s IEP, even if the student is suspended or expelled from school.

During any exclusion from school for more than 10 school days in the same school year, the school district must provide another educational setting where the student’s IEP can be implemented. The setting should be one allowing the student to participate in the general education curriculum and to progress towards achieving the goals set out in the IEP.

For example, if the student has goals and objectives to help improve social skills with peers, the alternative setting should allow opportunities and instruction for those peer interactions. A tutoring program at home is not enough. The alternative setting should also include services and modifications designed to address the behavior that resulted in the removal, so the behavior does not recur. The IEP Team makes the decision on what setting is appropriate if the removal is for more than 10 consecutive school days or constitutes a change of placement.

Where you can have an impact

Keep track of the number of days your student has been out of school. See important changes in discipline laws at the start of this webpage. Request educational services in an alternative setting.

Put your request in writing.

Protections for Students with Disabilities Who Have Not Been Found Eligible for Special Education

What are my student’s rights if they may have a disability but weren’t evaluated or found eligible for special education before being disciplined?

In some cases, students can get the same protections they would have had if they had been eligible for special education services before the disciplinary incident.

If you think your student may have a disability and your student is being disciplined but they have not yet been found eligible for special education services, then ask this question:

“Did the district know my student should have been evaluated or should have been receiving special education services?”

A student can get all of the protections for students receiving special education services if the district had knowledge of the student’s disability before the behavior resulting in disciplinary action.

What constitutes whether a district “had knowledge” of my student’s disability as described in the law?

Under IDEA and state special education law, the district had knowledge if:

  • The parent expressed concerns in writing to supervisory, administrative staff of the district, or the teacher, that the student was in need of special education and related services or,
  • The parent has specifically requested an evaluation of the student or,
  • The student’s teacher has expressed specific concerns about the behavior or performance of the student to the district’s special education director or other special education supervisory personnel.

When can a district argue it did not have knowledge that my student had a disability before the behavior resulting in discipline occurred?

School districts are not considered to have knowledge of a student’s disability if the parent has refused a special education evaluation or special education services or if the student was evaluated and not found to be a student with a disability.

What if the district did not have knowledge of my student’s disability before the behavior resulting in discipline?

An evaluation can still be requested.

If you suspect your student has a disability but the district did not have knowledge of the disability, a request can still be made for an evaluation to see if your student is eligible for and needs special education services. This request for evaluation can take place during the time your student is out of school on the expulsion or suspension.

What if a request for evaluation is made during the time that my student is being disciplined?

The law requires the evaluation to take place quickly.

If an evaluation is requested during a period of disciplinary exclusion, the law requires the evaluation to be completed in an expedited or quick manner. It does not matter if the district knew about the disability previously. There is no set timeline in the law for completion of this expedited evaluation. It can probably be assumed that expedited means more quickly than the amount of time allowed when an evaluation is being done under normal circumstances when discipline is not an issue. Under the normal special education procedures, the district has 35 school days to complete the evaluation after receiving parental consent.

What if my child is found eligible for special education during the time they are suspended or expelled?

If a student is found eligible during the period of removal from school, the school district must start providing special education and related services.

What to do if Students with Disabilities are Wrongly Disciplined

What kind of things might indicate my student with disabilities is being wrongly disciplined?

There are several things to watch out for.

There are a variety of ways a student with a disability may be wrongly disciplined. Some examples are:

  • Notice was not given.
  • There are no IEP meetings to discuss functional behavior or a manifestation determination for a change in placement.
  • The functional behavior was never properly examined when problems first arose.
  • A behavior intervention plan was not put in place to deal with the student’s behavior in a good way.
  • The manifestation determination was not done correctly:
    • The right questions were not considered.
    • The decision was not based on enough data.
    • The group making the decision was not made up of the right people.
    • The decision the behavior was not related to the disability seems wrong.
  • If discipline is imposed:
    • It is too harsh for the behavior.
    • It is longer than 10 school days in a row.
    • It is more than 10 school days over time and it looks like a pattern that excludes the student from their IEP.
    • It is for 45 school days and the incident did not involve drugs, weapons or serious bodily injury, or it was not imposed by a hearing officer at a discipline hearing.
    • The student did not behave in the way the district says he or she behaved.

What can be done if my student with disabilities is being wrongly disciplined?

Your student can assert all the rights of a non-disabled student, as well as rights under special education law.

Students with disabilities can ask for both a special education due process hearing and a general education discipline hearing. Note there are limitations on who may ask for a special education due process hearing.

Think of these two procedures as two parallel roads running side by side. There can be cars traveling on both, perhaps at different speeds, but both going the same direction. It is the same when both a discipline and special education hearing are being scheduled. The two hearings are addressing some of the same issues, but they may not be directly related.

In most cases, if a special education matter is being pursued, the district should stop the general education discipline hearing process and resolve the special education issues before going on with the general discipline proceedings.

Ordinarily, if a special education due process hearing is requested, the student has a right to remain in their special education program until the hearing is resolved. This right is called “STAY PUT” and it refers to the student’s legal right to stay in the current educational program until a decision is made in the due process hearing. Despite stay put, the district may try to have the student removed through a separate court action or hearing.

There is a new and important exception to this rule under IDEA. If the parent requests a hearing to contest the discipline and 1) the student is in an interim alternative educational setting due to special circumstances (weapons, drugs, serious bodily injury or dangerous behavior) or 2) the student is in an interim alternative educational setting because the student’s behavior was not found to be related to the disability at the manifestation meeting, the student must remain in the IAES until the hearing officer makes a decision or until the end of the disciplinary removal, whichever comes first. (The parent and the district can agree otherwise.)

However, the school district must arrange for the hearing to take place within 20 school days of the request, and the hearing officer must make a decision within 10 school days of the hearing. In addition, a resolution session must take place within 7 calendar days of the request for a hearing unless the district and parent agree in writing to waive this process.

Where you can have an impact

Students with disabilities have all the rights given to general education students who are disciplined.

Review the Office of the Education Ombuds’ webpage Discipline, Suspensions and Expulsions to learn more about challenging general education discipline.

Make sure you request a general education discipline hearing within the timelines stated in the discipline notice. You can cancel the hearing if the situation is resolved through the special education process.

If your student is eligible for special education services and is out of school for more than 10 school days, even for discipline reasons, the district must provide services to implement your student’s IEP. If a hearing has been requested and your student is out of school while waiting for the decision, be sure to remind the district of this obligation. You may not be able to assert “stay put” and have your child return to the educational placement, but they should not sit at home without any services in place!

Behavior Charged as a Crime

Can the school district call the police when a student with a disability gets in trouble?

Yes, schools may report crimes committed by students with disabilities and non-disabled students.

What if the incident is filed as a crime?

If the misconduct at school is referred to juvenile court and is charged as a crime, the youth will have either a public defender or other criminal defense attorney to advise and represent them on these charges. A youth who has been charged with a crime as a result of alleged misbehavior at school should immediately consult with a criminal defense attorney before discussing their school discipline case. For example, it may not be a good idea for the youth to make statements in a school discipline or due process hearing if the criminal matter has not been resolved. Those statements could be used against the youth in the criminal case.

The defense attorney should also be made aware of any disabilities that might affect whether the youth should be charged. For example, if the young person has a very low I.Q., the court may decide it isn’t right to take care of the matter in juvenile court.

Conclusion

All students are entitled to an education that helps prepare them for life. If students are disabled in some way, they may have a right to a vast array of services and accommodations to help them succeed. If your student needs more help than they are getting in school, advocate for special education services.

Students with disabilities also cannot be punished in school for behavior related to or the result of a disability. School districts must follow specific rules when seeking to punish a student with a disability. Notice of the intent to discipline must be given, the behavior must be examined and planned for, and a team of people must determine whether the behavior was related to the disability.

Even if the concerning behavior is not related to the disability, there are significant limits on how a student with a disability can be disciplined. Students with disabilities have strong protections under the law ensuring they will not unnecessarily lose their right to education.

Transition Services for Students with Disabilities (Ages 16-22)

Transition Services for Students with Disabilities (Ages 16-22) stephanieP

Transition Services for Students with Disabilities (Ages 16-22)

Students receiving special education should begin to have a transition plan at age 16 or before. The transition plan becomes a part of the student’s Individualized Educational Plan (IEP) and is designed to help the student move from high school to life and career beyond its walls. These transition plans can look different in different districts because of community supports and opportunities. However, the transition services should be based on the individual student’s needs and strengths and include programs and supports that will foster the student’s independence after high school. Students have the right to an education and continued transition services until their 22nd birthday. Students with disabilities should be invited to be a part of this planning.

Understanding the Process for Implementing Transition Services:

Good transition plans are a partnership involving the student, family, school, community, employers, and others. Good transition plans are student-centered and use present needs to anticipate the best supports for future needs.

When should the team develop a transition plan?

No later than the IEP that is in effect when the student turns 16, or as early as age 14 if appropriate for the student.

What information is required to be in an IEP focused on transition?

Here are some of the basic components of an IEP:

  • The student’s present levels of academic achievement and functional performance.
  • Measurable annual goals. With transition, these goals need to be tied to the postsecondary plan.
  • How the school district will measure the student’s progress towards meeting annual goals, including when and how often the school district will provide periodic progress reports.
  • Specially designed instruction, related services, program modifications, supplementary aids and services, and staff supports.
  • How much the student will be included in the general education classroom and with nondisabled peers in extracurricular and nonacademic activities.
  • Approved accommodations for the student that will help with taking state and district assessments and measuring the student’s academic progress and achievement. If the IEP team decides that the student needs to take an alternate assessment instead of a general one, the team should also explain why they made that choice and why the alternate assessment is appropriate.
  • Extended school year (ESY) services for the student, if the student shows regression or loss of information learned.
  • The projected date for the beginning of the services and modifications described within the IEP, as well as the anticipated frequency, location, and duration of those services and modifications.

These components are part of IEPs, in general, but as the student progresses through high school, the student’s IEP should reflect the ongoing transition and identify the partnerships and resources that will support those goals.

The Importance of Planning in Transition IEPs:

 

In planning, the IEP team should focus on designing instructional programs and supports that meet the student’s interests and needs for life after high school. Student voice is critical. Having a strong start in the student’s teens forms a pattern of success that can make future transitions easier, such as employment, post-secondary education, and inclusion in the community. Effective transition services help the student identify and navigate future opportunities and challenges. Families, teachers, and community leaders offer different, valuable perspectives on how to ensure a successful transition. Transition provides a time for them to come together to send the student into the postsecondary world with good tools, strategies, and expectations.

What to Look for in a Transition Plan within an IEP:

Annual IEP Goals

Annual goals are what the team expects the student to accomplish reasonably within the next year. Goals should be observable and measurable. As the student gets older, the team should tie these goals increasingly to the student’s exit from high school and the postsecondary goals.

Measurable Postsecondary Goals

Like the IEP goals that the student has, the postsecondary goals in the transition plan must be based on assessments (formal and informal) to determine the student’s needs, strengths, and interests. There is no one-size-fits-all transition plan. The goals, like other IEP goals, should be data-driven and responsive to the progress that the student is making and new needs that arise. The team needs to revisit them annually or earlier, as appropriate.

Transition Services

The team should base transition services on an evaluation of the student’s needs and the student’s readiness. The team then tries to determine which programs and services will support the student toward reaching greater independence and their vision of success for the future. Teams should not base services on what is available only, but also need to consider the student’s needs. Meeting the student’s needs and goals might involve bringing in new community partners or coordinating activities between schools and community agencies to move successfully from school to postsecondary living.

Course of Study

A course of study is a current description of coursework and/or activities to achieve the student's desired post- secondary goals, from the student's current IEP through the student’s anticipated graduation or exit year.

Agency Collaboration

Transition services are results-oriented partnerships. Schools often collaborate with the Developmental Disabilities Administration (https://www.dshs.wa.gov/dda), local Developmental Disabilities Divisions, the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation (https://www.dshs.wa.gov/dvr), colleges and universities, and other community agencies.

Resources:

የልዩ ትምህርት ግጭት አፈታት

የልዩ ትምህርት ግጭት አፈታት Brittni.Thomps…

የልዩ ትምህርት ግጭት አፈታት

ጁን 2024 የተሻሻለ

ከዲስትሪት ትምህርት ቤት ጋር የተፈጠሩትን አለመግባባቶች ለመፍታት ምን ማድረግ አለብኝ?

ከድስትሪክቱ ጋር ይገናኙ፣ ሽምግልና ይጠይቁ፣ ቅሬታ ያቅርቡ ወይም የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት እንዲካሄድ ይጠይቁ።

ለአካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎ ሲሟገቱ፣ ከትምህርት ዲስትሪክት ጋር አለመግባባቶች ሊያጋጥምዎት ይችላል። በተቻለ መጠን፣ Individualized Education Program (IEP የግለሰብ የትምህርት ፕሮግራም) ቡድን አባላት ወይም ከሌሎች የትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት ባለስልጣናት ጋር በመወያየት ችግሩን ለመፍታት መሞከር ጠቃሚ ነው። ይህ ዘዴ ካልተሳካ፣ አለመግባባቶችን ለመፍታት በሕግ የተቀመጡ በርካታ መንገዶች አሉ።

ወላጆች እና ትምህርት ቤቶች ልዩ ትምህርትን በሚመለከቱ ጉዳዮች ላይ የሚከተሉትን በተመለከተ የሚኖሩ አለመግባባቶች ጨምሮ ልዩነቶችን ለመፍታት መደበኛ የአቤቱታ ሂደቶችን፣ ሽምግልና እና የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎቶችን ማግኘት ይችላሉ፦

  • አንድ ተማሪ አካል ጉዳተኛ መሆኑን መለየት
  • የተማሪ ግምገማ
  • የልዩ ትምህርት አገልግሎቶች አሰጣጥ
  • የልጅ ትምህርት ምደባ

ቅሬታዎች

ስለ ተማሪ ልዩ ትምህርት (The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA የአካል ጉዳተኞች ትምህርት ሕግ) ወይም 504) ፕሮግራም አለመግባባት ከተፈጠረ፣ ሁለት መደበኛ የአቤቱታ ሂደቶች አሉ።

  1. የልዩ ትምህርት ማህበረሰብ ቅሬታ ለዋሽንግተን ስቴት Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction

የልዩ ትምህርት ማህበረሰብ ቅሬታ ምንድን ነው?

የልዩ ትምህርት ማህበረሰብ ቅሬታ፣ ቀደም ሲል የዜጎች ቅሬታ በመባል የሚታወቀው፣ በተማሪዎች እና በትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክቶች መካከል አለመግባባቶችን በውጪ ኤጀንሲ የመፍታት ዘዴ ነው። አንድ ሰው የትምህርት ተቋም (ስቴት፣ የትምህርት ዲስትሪክት፣ ወይም የመንግስት ወይም የግል ትምህርት ቤትን ጨምሮ) IDEA ወይም የስቴት ልዩ ትምህርት ደንቦችን መስፈርቶች ጥሷል ብሎ ሲያምን የማህበረሰብ ቅሬታዎች Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI ህዝብ ትምህርት የበላይ ተቆጣጣሪ ቢሮ) ቢሮ መቅረብ አለባቸው።

የልዩ ትምህርት ማህበረሰብ ቅሬታን ማቅረብ የሚችለው ማነው?

ማንኛውም ሰው ወይም ድርጅት፣ Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction ቅሬታ ማቅረብ ይችላል።

የልዩ ትምህርት ማህበረሰብ ቅሬታ መስፈርቶች ምንድ ናቸው?

ቅሬታው መቅረብ ያለበት፦

  • በጽሑፍ
  • በቅሬታ አቅራቢው የተፈረመ
  • ባለፈው ዓመት የትምህርት ቤቱን ሕግ የጣሰው የልዩ ትምህርት አሰጣጥ ካለ ያካትቱ
  • እውነተኛ የመብት ጥሰቱን ያብራሩ
    • እባክዎን ቅሬታውን ያቀረበውን ግለሰብ ስም እና አድራሻ ያቅርቡ
    • እባክዎን የትምህርት ተቋሙን ስም እና ቦታ ያቅርቡ።

ቅሬታው የአንድን ተማሪ የሚመለከት ከሆነ፣ በተጨማሪ የሚከተሉትን መያዝ አለበት፡-

    • የተማሪ ስም
    • የተማሪው ትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት ስም
    • ተማሪዎችን የሚጎዳ የችግር መግለጫ
    • ለጉዳዩ የተጠቆሙት መፍትሄ

ለማህበረሰብ ቅሬታዎች ቅጹን የት ማግኘት እችላለሁ?

በማህበረሰቡ ውስጥ ስላለው የልዩ ትምህርት ቅሬታ ለማቅረብ OSPI በፈቃደኝነት የተዘጋጀ አብነት አዘጋጅቷል። ቅጹ የሚገኘው በ፡ https://ospi.k12.wa.us/student-success/special-education/dispute-resolution/file-community-complaint

ጉልህ የሆነ ተፅዕኖ መፍጠር የምትችለው የት ነው?

የማህበረሰብ ቅሬታ በሚያስገቡበት ጊዜ፣ ቀነ-ገደቦቹን በቅርበት መከታተልዎን ያረጋግጡ። OSPI ወይም የትምህርት አካሉ በተጠቀሰው የጊዜ ገደብ ውስጥ እርምጃ ካልወሰዱ፣ ሌላ ቅሬታ ማቅረብ ይችላሉ።

መዝገቦቹን በቀላሉ ለማጣቀሻነት ለማመቻቸት ቁጥራቸው የበዛባቸው ገፆች ያላቸውን ተዛማጅ የትምህርት ቤት መዝገቦችን ከአቤቱታዎ ጋር ማያያዝዎን ያረጋግጡ።

የልዩ ትምህርት ማህበረሰብ ቅሬታ ከተሞላ በኋላ ምን ይከሰታል?

ቅሬታውን ከተቀበለ በኋላ፣ OSPI ቅጂውን ወደ ትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት ማስተላለፍ ይጠበቅበታል። የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ቅሬታውን መርምሮ OSPI በጽሁፍ ምላሽ 20 ቀናት ውስጥ መላክ አለበት። OSPI የትምህርት ቤቱን ዲስትሪክት ምላሽ ቅጂ ይሰጥዎታል። ከዚያ በኋላ፣ ቅሬታውን በተመለከተ ተጨማሪ ዝርዝሮችን ለመስጠት መምረጥ ይችላሉ።

OSPI የትምህርት ተቋሙ የፌደራል ወይም የክልል የልዩ ትምህርት ደንቦችን ስለጣሰ 60 የቀን መቁጠሪያ ቀናት ውስጥ የተለየ፣ የሰነድ ውሳኔ መስጠት አለበት። ውሳኔው ቅሬታውን ለመፍታት ተጨባጭ መደምደሚያዎችን እና ተግባራዊ እርምጃዎችን መያዝ አለበት። የሚከተለው ከሆነ የጊዜ ሰሌዳው ሊራዘም ይችላል:

1) ቅሬታውን በተመለከተ ያልተለመዱ ሁኔታዎች አሉ ወይም

2) ቅሬታ አቅራቢው እና የትምህርት ተቋሙ የሽምግልና ወይም ሌላ አለመግባባቶችን ለመፍታት ቀነ-ገደቡን ለማራዘም በጽሁፍ ተስማምተዋል።

የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ማናቸውንም የተጠቆሙ የማስተካከያ እርምጃዎችን ለመፈጸም OSPI የጽሁፍ ውሳኔ የተዘረዘሩትን ቀነ-ገደቦች መከተል አለበት። የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ማክበር ካልቻለ፣ OSPI ከዲስትሪክቱ የገንዘብ ድጋፍ የመከልከል ወይም ሌሎች እርምጃዎችን የመተግበር ስልጣን አለው።

የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ለአካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪ በቂ አገልግሎት እንዳልሰጠ ከተረጋገጠ፣ OSPI የሚከተሉትን ማድረግ አለበት፡-

  • የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ለአገልግሎቶች እጦት እንዴት ማካካስ እንዳለበት ይወስኑ፣ ይህም የገንዘብ ማካካሻ ወይም የተማሪውን ፍላጎት ለማሟላት ሌሎች የማስተካከያ እርምጃዎችን ሊያካትት ይችላል።
  • ለሁሉም አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎች የወደፊት አገልግሎት አሰጣጥ እቅድ ያውጡ።

OSPI የሚስተናገደውን የማህበረሰብ ቅሬታ በተመለከተ ተጨማሪ ዝርዝሮችን የት ማግኘት እችላለሁ?

https://ospi.k12.wa.us/student-success/special-education/dispute-resolution/file-community-complaint

ለዩናይትድ ስቴትስ Office of Civil Rights for the Department of Education የሲቪል መብቶች ቅሬታ

የዜጎች መብት ቅሬታ ምን ማለት ነው?

ክፍል 504 የፌደራል የገንዘብ ድጋፍ በሚያገኝ በማንኛውም ፕሮግራም አካል ጉዳተኛ ግለሰቦች ላይ መድልዎ ለመከላከል የተነደፈ ህግ ነው። የሕዝብ ትምህርት ቤቶች እና ወረዳዎች የፌዴራል የገንዘብ ድጋፍ ስለሚያገኙ፣ የሴክሽን 504 መስፈርቶችን ማክበር አለባቸው።

የዩኤስ Department of Education (ትምህርት ክፍል) የዩኤስ Office for Civil Rights (OCR የሲቪል መብቶች ቢሮ) ክፍል 504 ጥበቃዎችን ያስፈጽማል እና የአቤቱታ ምርመራዎችን ይቆጣጠራል።

የዜጎች መብት ቅሬታ ለማቅረብ ብቁ የሆነው ማነው?

አካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪ ከፕሮግራሙ የአካል ጉዳተኛ ካልሆኑ እኩዮቻቸው ጋር ተመሳሳይ ትምህርታዊ ጥቅማ ጥቅሞችን እያገኘ ካልሆነ ማንም ሰው ቅሬታውን ለአሜሪካ Office of Civil Rights ማቅረብ ይችላል። አንድ ምሳሌ የባህሪ እክል ያለበት ተማሪ በክፍል ጉዞው ወቅት ከቀሩት ተማሪዎች ጋር ከመቀላቀል ይልቅ በርዕሰ መምህሩ ቢሮ እንዲቆይ ሲታዘዝ ነው። OCR ቅሬታዎች እንዲሁ የተደራሽነት ችግሮችን ሊያካትቱ ይችላሉ፣ ለምሳሌ በዊልቸር ለሚጠቀም ልጅ መወጣጫ አለመኖር ወይም የትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት የተማሪ 504 እቅድ አካል የሆኑ አስፈላጊ ማረፊያዎችን ወይም አገልግሎቶችን አለመስጠቱ።

የሲቪል መብቶች ቅሬታ ምን ክፍሎች አሉት?

የዜጎች መብት ቅሬታ 180 የቀን መቁጠሪያ ቀናት (6 ወራት) ውስጥ መድልዎ ከተፈጸመበት ቀን ጀምሮ መቅረብ አለበት። ቅሬታው የሚከተሉትን ማካተት አለበት:

        የሚያቀርበው ግለሰብ ስም፣ አድራሻ እና ስልክ ቁጥር

        አድልዎ የተደረገባቸው ሰዎች ስም፣ አድራሻ እና ስልክ ቁጥር

        የትምህርት ቤቱ፣ የዲስትሪክቱ ወይም አድሎአዊ የሆነ ሰው ስም እና አድራሻ

        የአድልዎ መሰረት (ዘር፣ አካል ጉዳተኝነት፣ ብሄራዊ ማንነት፣ ወዘተ)

        አድልዎ መቼ እና የት እንደተፈፀመ

        የአድልዎ እውነታዎች እና

        ቅሬታውን የሚደግፉ የጽሑፍ ቁሳቁሶች፣ መረጃዎች ወይም ሌሎች ሰነዶች ቅጂዎች።

የሲቪል መብቶች ቅሬታ OCR የት ነው ማቅረብ የምትችለው?

OCR ቅሬታ ለማቅረብ፣ የሚገኘውን የመስመር ላይ የቅሬታ ቅጽ መጠቀም ይችላሉ፡-https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/complaintintro.html

ወይም የሚሞላ ቅጽን በሚከተለው ላይ ይሙሉ፡- https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/complaintform.pdf

የሚሞላውን ቅጽ ለመሙላት ከመረጡ ወይም የራስዎን ደብዳቤ ለመጻፍ ቅሬታዎን በኢሜል OCR.Seattle@ed.gov ወይም በፋክስ ወደ (206) 607-1601 መላክ ይችላሉ። እንዲሁም ቅሬታዎን በኢሜል የማቅረብ አማራጭ አለዎት፡-

Office for Civil Rights

U.S. Department of Education

915 2nd Avenue #3310

Seattle, WA 981074-1099.

የዜጎች መብት ቅሬታ ከቀረበ በኋላ ምን ይከሰታል?

OCR ተጨማሪ ሂደትን የሚያረጋግጥ መሆኑን ለማወቅ በአቤቱታው ላይ የቀረቡትን ዝርዝሮች ይመረምራል። ቅሬታውን ለመመርመር እና ቅሬታው የቀረበው በተወሰነው የጊዜ ገደብ ውስጥ መሆኑን ወይም አለመሆኑን ለማጣራት ስልጣኑን ማረጋገጥ ያስፈልገዋል። የተጠረጠረው የመድልዎ ድርጊት ከተፈጸመ በኋላ 180 ቀናት ውስጥ ቅሬታ መቅረብ አለበት።

በሂደቱ ወቅት OCR የስምምነት ቅጽ እንዲሞሉ ይጠይቃል። ይህ ቅጽ እንዲፈርሙ ከተጠየቁበት ቀን ጀምሮ 15ኛው ቀን ካልደረሰ OCR በኢሜል ወይም በስልክ ያነጋግርዎታል፣ ይህም ቅጹን ለመሙላት ተጨማሪ 5 ቀናት እንዳለዎት ያሳውቃል። ተጨማሪ ዝርዝሮችን ማቅረብ ሊኖርብዎት ይችላል። ተጨማሪ መረጃ የሚያስፈልግ ከሆነ፣ የተጠየቀውን መረጃ ለማቅረብ OCR ቢያንስ 20 ቀናት መፍቀድ አለበት።

OCR ምርመራውን ካጠናቀቀ በኋላ፣ እርስዎም ሆኑ ወረዳው ማስረጃው ጥሰት መፈጸሙን ወይም አለመፈጸሙን የሚያረጋግጥ የግኝት ደብዳቤ ይላካል። OCR ወረዳው ህጉን ያላከበረ መሆኑን ከወሰነ፣ ዲስትሪክቱ በፈቃደኝነት የመፍታት ስምምነት ለመግባት ክፍት መሆኑን ወይም አለመሆኑን ለመመርመር ወደ ወረዳው ይደርሳል። ዲስትሪክቱ ጉዳዩን ለመፍታት ፈቃደኛ ካልሆነ፣ OCR ተጨማሪ እርምጃዎችን ሊወሰዱ ይችላሉ፣ ለምሳሌ ጉዳዩን ወደ ፍትህ መምሪያ መላክ።  

ዲስትሪክት ለተማሪው የሚገባውን ተገቢውን የትምህርት ልምድ አይሰጥም ብለው ካመኑ፣ ቅሬታ ስለማቅረብ ሊያስቡበት ይገባል።

ሽምግልና

ሽምግልና ምንድነው?

ሽምግልና አለመግባባቶችን መፍታትን ያካትታል። IDEA መሰረት፣ የተማሪን የልዩ ትምህርት እቅድ በተመለከተ አለመግባባቶችን ለመፍታት ክልሎች ለወላጆች/አሳዳጊዎች እና ለት/ቤት ዲስትሪክቶች ያለምንም ወጪ የሽምግልና አገልግሎት መስጠት አለባቸው።

የሽምግልናው ሂደት ትምህርት ቤቱን፣ ወላጅ ወይም አሳዳጊን እና አስታራቂ በመባል የሚታወቀውን ገለልተኛ ሶስተኛ አካል ማሰባሰብን ያካትታል። የተማሪውን የትምህርት መስፈርቶች በተመለከተ የጋራ ስምምነት ላይ ለመድረስ በመሞከር ሸምጋዩ ከሁለቱም ወገኖች ጋር ይሰበሰባል። በሂደቱ ውስጥ መሳተፍ አማራጭ ነው፣ ከሁለቱም ወላጅ ወይም አሳዳጊ እና የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ስምምነትን ይፈልጋል። ሽምግልና የተማሪ አገልግሎቶችን ለማሻሻል፣ ግጭቶችን ለመፍታት እና በትምህርት ቤቱ እና በወላጆች ወይም በአሳዳጊዎች መካከል ያለውን ግንኙነት ለማስተካከል ጠቃሚ ዘዴን ይሰጣል።

ሽምግልናው ውጤታማ ሆኖ ከተገኘ ተዋዋይ ወገኖች የውሳኔ ሃሳቡን የሚገልጽ ህጋዊ ተፈጻሚነት ያለው ስምምነት ይፈርማሉ። የስምምነቱን ሁኔታዎች ለማሟላት ኃላፊነቱ በትምህርት ቤቱ እና በወላጅ ወይም በአሳዳጊ ላይ ነው። የሽምግልና ስምምነት ከተደረሰ በኋላ አስታራቂው ራሱን ያፈናቅላል እና የትኛውንም አካል እርምጃ እንዲወስድ የማስገደድ ስልጣን የለውም። በሽምግልና ስምምነት ላይ አለመግባባት ከተፈጠረ፣ ወላጅ ወይም አሳዳጊ በክልልም ሆነ በፌደራል ፍርድ ቤት የማስፈጸሚያ ሂደትን የመከታተል አማራጭ አላቸው። አዲስ ወይም የተለየ ግጭት ከተነሳ፣ ወላጅ፣ አሳዳጊ ወይም ወረዳ ሁሉንም አለመግባባቶችን ለመፍታት በህጋዊ መንገድ ሊገኙ ይችላሉ።

የሽምግልና ጥያቄዎች ለድምጽ አማራጮች መቅረብ አለባቸው። ጥያቄዎን በጽሁፍ ወይም በስልክ የማቅረብ አማራጭ አለዎት። ሁለቱም ወገኖች የድምጽ አማራጮችን የመድረስ አማራጭ አላቸው፣ እሱም ከሌላኛው አካል ጋር ይገናኛል። የድምጽ አማራጮችን ላይ ማግኘት ይችላሉ 1-800-692-2540.

የጥብቅና ምክር

በሽምግልና ለመከታተል መስማማትዎ፣ በኋላ የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ከመጠየቅ አይከለክልዎትም። በመረጡት ጊዜ የሽምግልና ሂደቱን ለማስቆም እና አሁንም የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ለመጠየቅ አማራጭ አለዎት።  በቀጣይ የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ወቅት፣ ያጋጠመው ብቸኛው ተግዳሮት በሽምግልና ሂደት ውስጥ የተደረጉ ውይይቶች እንደ ማስረጃ መጠቀም አለመቻል ነው። በመሆኑም፣ በጽሑፍ የተደረገው ስምምነት እንደ ማስረጃ ሆኖ ሊያገለግል ይችላል።

የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎቶች

የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎቶች ማለት ምን ማለት ነው?

የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት በመደበኛ አስተዳደራዊ ባህሪው የፍርድ ሂደትን ይመስላል። ወላጅ ወይም አሳዳጊ እንዲሁም የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ሁለቱም ማስረጃዎችን እና ምስክሮችን ማቅረብ እና በሌላኛው ወገን ያቀረቡትን ምስክሮችም መጠየቅ ይችላሉ።

የችሎቱ ሹም በሁለቱም በተጨባጭ ግኝቶች እና የሕግ መርሆች ላይ የተመሠረተ የጽሁፍ ብይን ይሰጣል።

ለፍትህ ሂደት ችሎቶች ጠበቃ ያስፈልገኛል?

አያስፈልግም፣ ነገር ግን ከፈለጉ ጠበቃ እንዲወከልዎት መብት አልዎት።

በፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ወቅት ጠበቃ ለአካል ጉዳተኛ ወላጅ ወይም አሳዳጊ ምክር ወይም ውክልና ሊሰጥ ይችላል። በችሎት ላይ ስኬታማ ለመሆን ጠበቃ መኖር አያስፈልግዎትም። ለችሎቱ ሲፈልጉ እና ሲዘጋጁ ከጠበቃ ወይም ከሌላ ልምድ ካለው ሰው መመሪያ መፈለግ ብዙ ጊዜ ይመከራል።

የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት እንዴት እጠይቃለሁ?

እባክዎን ጥያቄዎን Office of Administrative Hearings (አስተዳደራዊ ችሎቶች ጽህፈት ቤት) በጽሁፍ ያቅርቡ እና ለትምህርት ዲስትሪክቱ ያሳውቁ።

ለፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት የጽሁፍ ጥያቄ ማቅረብ እና የሚከተለውን መረጃ ማካተት አለቦት፡

  • የተማሪው ስም እና አድራሻ
  • አንድ ተማሪ የሚማርበት ዲስትሪክት እና ትምህርት ቤት
  • የልዩ ትምህርት አገልግሎቶችን የማቅረብ ኃላፊነት የተሰጠው አውራጃ፣ ተማሪ ከተመዘገበበት ወረዳ የተለየ መሆን አለበት
  • የወላጆችን ጭንቀት መግለጫ
  • ችግሩን ለመፍታት ያቀረቧቸው መፍትሄዎች።

እባክዎ የችሎት ጥያቄዎን ቅጂ ወደዚህ ይላኩ ወይም ይዘው ይምጡ፡

Office of Administrative Hearings

P.O. Box 42489

Olympia, WA 98504

እንዲሁም ዋናውን የችሎት ጥያቄ ለት/ቤት ዲስትሪክቱ የበላይ ተቆጣጣሪ ማድረስ ወይም መላክ አለቦት። ቅጂውን ለራስዎ ማስቀመጥዎን አይርሱ!

OSPI ለወላጆች የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት እንዲጠይቁ ፎርም ፈጠረ፣ ይህም በሂደቱ ውስጥ እነሱን ለመርዳት ነው። ይህ ቅጽ የሚገኘው በ፡ https://ospi.k12.wa.us/student-success/special-education/dispute-resolution/request-due-process-hearing

ለችሎት ምን ገደቦች አሉ ጥያቄ?

የችሎት ጥያቄው ባለፉት ሁለት ዓመታት ውስጥ የተፈፀመ ጥሰት ወይም ጉዳይን የሚመለከት መሆን አለበት። የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ጥያቄ ከሁለት አመት በፊት ከተፈፀመ ጥሰት ጋር የተያያዘ ሊሆን ይችላል፣ከሁለቱ ሁኔታዎች አንዱ እስካሟላ ድረስ፡-

  1. ወላጁ በሁለት ዓመት ጊዜ ውስጥ የፍትህ ሂደት እንዲታይ መጠየቅ አልቻለም ምክንያቱም የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ጉዳዩን እንደፈታን በውሸት ተናግሯል

ወይም

  1. የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት በህጋዊ መንገድ የማጋራት ግዴታ ያለበትን መረጃ ስላልሰጠ ወላጁ በሁለት አመት ውስጥ የፍትህ ሂደት እንዲታይ መጠየቅ አልቻለም።

የችሎት ጥያቄ ወላጅ ሊኖርባቸው የሚችሉትን ሁሉንም ጉዳዮች እና ስጋቶች ለመፍታት ወሳኝ ነው። ጥያቄውን ከተቀበለ በኋላ፣ ለውጦች ሊፈጠሩ የሚችሉት ከትምህርት ድስትሪክቱ የጽሁፍ ስምምነት ወይም ከችሎቱ ሹሙ በማፅደቅ የማሻሻያ ክፍለ ጊዜውን እንደገና በማስጀመር (ከዚህ በታች ይመልከቱ)

በተጨማሪም፣ IDEA መሠረት፣ ሁለቱም ወገኖች ካልተስማሙ በስተቀር በመጀመሪያ የችሎት ጥያቄ ወይም በቀጣይ ማሻሻያ ላይ የተነሱ ስጋቶች ብቻ በፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ላይ መነጋገር ይችላሉ። ምንም እንኳን የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ለመጠየቅ ጠበቃ ማግኘት ግዴታ ባይሆንም ጥያቄውን በሚያዘጋጁበት ጊዜ የህግ ምክር መፈለግ ሁሉም ስጋቶችዎ በብቃት መገኘታቸውን ማረጋገጥ ይችላሉ።

ጥያቄ ካቀረብኩ በኋላ ምን ይሆናል የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት?

የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ምላሽ መስጠት አለበት።

የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት የወላጅ ቅሬታ በደረሰው 10 የቀን መቁጠሪያ ቀናት ውስጥ ምላሽ መስጠት አለበት። የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት የድርጊቱን ምክንያቶች ግልጽ ማድረግ፣ IEP ቡድን የተገመገሙትን አማራጭ አማራጮች እና የተባረሩበትን ምክንያቶች በዝርዝር ማቅረብ፣ በውሳኔው ላይ የተመሰረተውን መረጃ ሒሳብ ማቅረብ እና በዲስትሪክቱ ውሳኔ ላይ ተጽዕኖ የሚያሳድሩ ሌሎች ተዛማጅ ምክንያቶችን ማካተት ይጠበቅበታል። በአቤቱታው ላይ ስለተጠቀሰው ርዕስ አስቀድሞ ለወላጅ በጽሁፍ ካሳወቀ የትምህርት ቤቱ ወረዳ ምላሽ መስጠት አይጠበቅበትም።

መፍትሄ ክፍለ ጊዜ ምንድን ነው?

የመፍታት ክፍለ ጊዜ የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ጥያቄን ተከትሎ የሚካሄድ ስብሰባ ነው፣ ገና ከችሎቱ በፊት።

የወላጅ የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ጥያቄ በደረሰው 15 ቀናት ውስጥ የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ከወላጅ፣ ከሚመለከታቸው IEP ቡድን አባላት፣ እና የውሳኔ ሰጪ ባለስልጣን ካለው የትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት ተወካይ ጋር ስብሰባ ማዘጋጀት አለበት። ወላጅ የህግ ውክልና ከሌለው በስተቀር የትምህርት ቤቱ ወረዳ በዚህ ስብሰባ ላይ ጠበቃ እንዲኖረው አይፈቀድለትም። የዚህ ስብሰባ ምክንያት ስለ ቅሬታው ለመነጋገር እና መደበኛ ችሎት ሳያስፈልገን ችግሩን መፍታት እንደምንችል ለመወሰን ነው።

ወላጅ እና የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት በመፍትሔው ክፍለ ጊዜ ስምምነት ላይ ከደረሱ፣ በፍርድ ቤት ሊተገበር የሚችል ህጋዊ አስገዳጅ ውል መፈረም አለባቸው። የትምህርት ቤቱ ወረዳ ወይም ወላጅ ውሳኔያቸውን ለመቀየር እና ስምምነቱን በሶስት የስራ ቀናት ውስጥ ለመሰረዝ ሊወስኑ ይችላሉ።

ሁለቱም ወላጆች እና የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት ስብሰባውን ለመዝለል በጽሁፍ ካልተስማሙ ወይም በምትኩ ግልግልን ካልመረጡ በስተቀር የመፍትሄው ስብሰባ መከሰት አለበት።

የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎቱ ለምን ያህል ጊዜ ይቆያል?

የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት የመፍታት ሂደቱን በመጠቀም ቅሬታውን ከተቀበለበት ቀን ጀምሮ 30 ቀናት ውስጥ ወላጁን በሚያረካ ሁኔታ ለመፍታት መሞከር አለበት። ድስትሪክቱ ይህንን 30 የቀን መቁጠሪያ ቀናት ውስጥ ካላደረገ፣ የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት የጊዜ ሰሌዳው ይጀምራል። ችሎቱ መካሄድ አለበት እና 45 የቀን መቁጠሪያ ቀናት ውስጥ መደምደሚያ ላይ መድረስ አለበት።

ከሚከተሉት ክስተቶች ውስጥ አንዳቸውም ቢከሰቱ የመፍትሄው 30 የቀን መቁጠሪያ ቀናት ጊዜ ይቀየራል

  • ሁለቱም ወገኖች የመፍትሄውን ክፍለ ጊዜ ለመተው በጽሁፍ ይስማማሉ
  • ከሽምግልና ወይም የመፍታት ክፍለ ጊዜ በኋላ፣ ሁለቱም ወገኖች ምንም ዓይነት ስምምነት ሊደረስበት ወይም ሊደረስበት እንደማይችል በጽሑፍ ይስማማሉ
  • ፓርቲዎቹ 30 ቀናት የመፍታት ክፍለ ጊዜ ባለፈ ሽምግልናውን ለመቀጠል ተስማምተው የነበረ ቢሆንም አንድ አካል ከሽምግልናው ለመውጣት ወስኗል። በእንደዚህ ዓይነት ሁኔታዎች 45 ቀናት ጊዜ ወዲያውኑ ይጀምራል።

የችሎቱ የቆይታ ጊዜ እንደየ ጉዳዮቹ ዓይነት እና እያንዳንዱ ወገን ክርክራቸውን ለማቅረብ የሚገምተውን ጊዜ መሠረት በማድረግ ይለያያል።

የመፍትሄው መርሐግብር በጣም አስፈላጊ ነው። አንድ ወላጅ በመፍትሔው መርሐግብር ለመሳተፍ ፈቃደኛ ካልሆነ፣ የሁለቱም የመፍትሔ ስብሰባው እና የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎቱ የጊዜ ሰሌዳው መርሐግብር እስኪካሄድ ድረስ ለሌላ ጊዜ ይተላለፋል። በተጨማሪም፣ 30-ቀን የመፍትሄ ጊዜን ተከትሎ፣ ወላጅ የመፍትሄ ስብሰባው ላይ ለመሳተፍ ፈቃደኛ ካልሆነ የትምህርት ቤት ዲስትሪክት የወላጅ የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ጥያቄ ውድቅ እንዲያደርግ የችሎት ሹም የመጠየቅ አማራጭ አለው። በአማራጭ፣ የትምህርት ቤቱ ዲስትሪክት የችሎት ጥያቄው በደረሰው 15 ቀናት ውስጥ የመፍትሄ ስብሰባ ካላዘጋጀ፣ ወላጅ የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት 45 ቀን የጊዜ ሰሌዳን በፍጥነት እንዲጀምር የችሎት ሹሙን መጠየቅ ይችላል።

የፍትሕ ሂደት ችሎት መርሐግብር

 

ቤተሰብ የፍትሕ ሂደት ችሎት ጥያቄ በጽሑፍ ይጠይቃሉ

ዲስትሪችቱ 10 የካላንደር ቀናት ውስጥ መልስ ይሰጣል

ዲስትሪችቱ የግጭት አፈታት መርሐግብርን 15 የላንደር ቀናት ያዘጋጃል፣ አለበለዚያ በጽሑፍ ማቋረጥ ይኖርበታል።

የግጭት አፈታት ጊዜ በተሰጠው 30 የካላንደር ቀናት ውስጥ ካልተፈታ፣ የፍትሕ ሂደት ወደ ፊት በማራዘም የችሎቱ ውሳኔ 45 ካላንደር ቀናት ውስጥ ይከናወናል

"በችሎት ጊዜ የተማሪዎች ማቆያ" ማለት ምን ማለት ነው? እኔ ችሎት በምጠይቅበት ጊዜ ተማሪዬ የት ነው የሚሄደው?

ማቆያ IDEA ውስጥ ተማሪው ችሎት ሲጠየቅ የት እንደሚሄድ ለመግለጽ የሚያገለግል ቃል ነው። ችሎት ከተጠየቀ፣ ችሎቱ እስኪጠናቀቅ እና ብይን እስኪሰጥ ድረስ ተማሪው ግላዊ የትምህርት እቅዳቸውን አሁን ባለው አካባቢ ማግኘቱን መቀጠል ይችላል። የአካል ጉዳተኛ ተማሪዎችን ተግሣጽ በሚመለከቱ ጉዳዮች ላይ ከመቆየት ደንብ በስተቀር ሊተገበሩ ይችላሉ።

የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ለተማሪዬ ምን ሊፈጽም ይችላል?

ዲስትሪክቱ አገልግሎቶችን ለመስጠት፣ ለተማሪው የማካካሻ ትምህርት እንዲሰጥ እና የወላጆችን የህግ ወጪዎች እንዲሸፍን ሊጠየቅ ይችላል።

የፍትህ ሂደት ችሎት ተማሪው ተስማሚ አገልግሎቶችን እንዲያገኝ እና በዲስትሪክቱ ጉድለቶች ምክንያት የጠፉ የትምህርት እድሎችን እንዲያገኝ ሊረዳው ይችላል። ሰሚ ሹም ተማሪው ብቁ መሆን አለመቻሉን፣ IEPን፣ የትምህርት አካባቢ ማስተካከያዎችን እና ግምገማዎችን በተመለከተ አለመግባባቶችን ለመፍታት መርዳት ይችላል።

የችሎት ሹሙ የማካካሻ ትምህርትን የማዘዝ ሥልጣን ያለው ሲሆን፣ ይህም ትምህርት ቤቱ በዲስትሪክቱ ጉድለቶች ምክንያት የጠፋውን ጊዜ ወይም ያመለጡ እድሎችን ለማካካስ አገልግሎቶችን መስጠት አለበት። ለምሳሌ፣ ተማሪው በተለምዶ ለተራዘመ የትምህርት ዘመን አገልግሎት ብቁ ባይሆንም ዲስትሪክቱ የማህበረሰብ ኮሌጅ ኮርስ የሚማር ተማሪን ወጪ፣ ከልዩ ትምህርት ፕሮግራም ጎን ለጎን የማጠናከሪያ ትምህርት መስጠት ወይም የክረምት ፕሮግራሞችን እንዲያቀርብ ሊጠየቅ ይችላል።

የማካካሻ ትምህርት ጥያቄዎች በግለሰብ የትምህርት ፕሮግራም (IEP) ውስጥ ከተገለጹት ዓላማዎች እና ግቦች ጋር መጣጣም አለባቸው። የማካካሻ ትምህርት አገልግሎቶችን ለመጠየቅ አዳዲስ መንገዶችን ለማምጣት ይሞክሩ። እንደ ስነ ጥበብ፣ ሙዚቃ ወይም ሳይንስ ያሉ የተማሪዎችን ፍላጎት ግምት ውስጥ በማስገባት እና እነዚህን ተግባራት የሚያቀርብ ፕሮግራም ወይም አገልግሎትን ያማከሩ።

የይገባኛል ጥያቄዎ በችሎቱ ከተሳካ፣ ድስትሪክቱ ለችሎቱ ያወጡትን ወጪዎች እና እንዲሁም እርስዎን በመወከል ለጠበቃዎ የሚከፍሉትን ክፍያዎች መሸፈን ሊኖርበት ይችላል። ለችሎቱ ሲዘጋጁ ያወጣችሁትን ወጪዎች በመያዝ ይከታተሉ።

Special Education Links and Resources

Special Education Links and Resources Anonymous (not verified)
Last updated December 2021

Information and Support for Navigating Special Education Services and Resolving Concerns

OEO is one of many places in Washington State where students, families, community professionals, educators and others can find information and support in understanding special education services and resolving conflicts or concerns.

The resources on this page include links to community organizations, associations and state agencies providing individualized information and supports on special education matters at no cost to students and families.  This graphic illustrates the range of supports from informal to formal.

Community Based Organizations
Behavioral and Mental Health Focused supports, including Peer Partners
State Agency Resources for Navigating Special Education

Washington State Governor’s Office of the Education Ombuds (OEO).

Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI).

State Education Agency responsible for oversight of implementation of special education in Washington State.

Department of Children Youth & Families (DCYF) Foster Care Regional Education Leads 

Developmental Disabilities Administration (DDA) Developmental Disabilities Administration (DDA) | DSHS

Division of Vocational Rehabilitation (DVR) Division of Vocational Rehabilitation | DSHS

Legal Advice and Representation

Legal Assistance List maintained by OAH:

Other organizations providing free legal advice and representation to eligible students or families on special education or other education related matters: Check each for specific eligibility requirements.